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Term 4: Infectious Diseases > Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia > Flashcards

Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors for developing legionnaire’s disease?

A
  • smoking
  • chronic lung disease
  • age
  • transplant status
  • immunosuppression
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2
Q

What is the disadvantage for using urinary legionella antigen test for legionella?

A
  • specific for L. pneumophila serogroup 1
  • highly specific, variable sensitivity
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3
Q

How is the reproductive cycle of Chlamydia unique?

A
  • Elementary bodies = extracellular, infects cells, phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages
  • Reticulate body = intracellular, replicates inside “inclusion body,” revert to EB’s before burst
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4
Q

What is Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)? What causes it?

A

-STI manifesting as inguinal lymphadenopathy

-Primary = genital ulcer at site of innoculation

-Secondary = painful inguinal lymphadenopathy & groove sign

-Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

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5
Q

How are Legionella, Mycoplasma, and Chlamydia related?

A

-they lead to “atypical pneumonia”

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6
Q

How is atypical pneumonia characterized?

A
  • indolent (slow growing) onset
  • often extrapulmonary symptoms
  • many times, normal WBC, but other lab abnormalities
  • Difficult to diagnose, Gm staining not helpful
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7
Q

What is the treatment for atypical pneumonia?

A
  • New macrolides
  • respiratory fluroquinolones
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8
Q

What are the symptoms of Legionnaire’s disease?

A

“atypical pneumonia”

  • GI symptoms
  • High fever
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Hyponatremia
  • Altered mental status often seen
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9
Q

What is Cold agglutinin disease? What causes it?

A
  • body produces IgM that attack RBCs
  • used as diagnostic test, put tube of blood on ice and blood will clump which means…
  • caused by Mycoplasma infection
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10
Q

“pneumonia w/ hyponatremia & diarrhea”

A

Legionaires

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11
Q

What two diseases are caused by Legionella pneumophila?

A
  1. Legionnaire’s disease
  2. Pontiac Fever
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12
Q

What is the gram stain of legionella?

A

-gram (-) but needs silver stain to be visualized

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13
Q

Describe pontiac fever. What causes it?

A
  • headache, myalgia, fatigue, sudden onset fever and chills
  • lasts for a week (self limiting)

Caused by Legionella pneumophila

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14
Q

What is the gram stain of mycoplasma?

A
  • Neither
  • does not have a cell wall
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15
Q

What is the only infectious bacteria that does not have a cell wall?

A

Mycoplasma

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16
Q

What antibiotics are used in the treatment of “atypical” pneumonia? What bugs cause atypical pneumo?

A

Abx:

  • Macrolides
  • tetracyclines
  • quinolones

Bugs:

  • Legionella
  • Mycoplasma
  • Chlamydia
17
Q

Why don’t ß-lactams work against mycoplasma?

A

it doesn’t have a cell wall

18
Q

What diseases are caused by Mycoplasma?

A

-“walking pneumonia”

19
Q

Who is most susceptible to mycoplasma infection?

A

-young adults in close quarters

*military recruits

20
Q

“guillan-barre”

A

-Mycoplasma

21
Q

What diseases are caused by Chlamydia trachomatis?

A
  1. Trachoma
  2. conjunctivitis (usually newborn)
  3. infant pneumonia
  4. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LVG)
  5. Reiter’s syndrome (reactive arthritis)
22
Q

What is Reiter’s syndrome? What bug causes it?

A
  • can’t see (uveitis)
  • Cant pee (urethritis)
  • Can’t climb a tree (reactive arthritis)

Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

23
Q

What is trachoma? What bug causes it?

A
  • leading cause of preventable blindness in the world
  • conjunctival infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Scarring traction can pull eyelid inward so that eyelashes rub against conjunctiva
24
Q

What is the leading preventable cause of blindness in the world?

A

-Trachoma

(Chlamydia trachomatis)

25
Q

What population in the U.S. is most frequently infected with trachoma?

A

Native Americans

26
Q

Why don’t B-lactams work on Chlamydia species?

A

-they don’t have peptydoglycan/muramic acid in their cell wall

27
Q

What does Chlamydophyla psittaci cause?

A

-Atypical pneumonia

**carried by birds

28
Q

What does Chlamydophila pneumoniae cause?

A

-atypical pneumonia

29
Q

How are chlamydia STI infections treated?

A
  • 1 dose IM 3G cephalosporin
  • followed by 7-day course of doxycycline

(covers both chlamydia and gonorrhea)

30
Q

“groove sign”

A
  • Lymphogranuloma venerum
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
31
Q

What are the two most common causes of pelvic inflammatory disease?

A
  • N. gonorrhea
  • C. trachomatis

Term 4: Infectious Diseases (21 decks)

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