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Term 4: Infectious Diseases > Bordetella & Neisseria > Flashcards

Bordetella & Neisseria Flashcards

1
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Whooping Cough

A

-cold w/o fever -coughing with a whoop (deep breath) -Difficulty breathing -emesis for 2-3 weeks

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2
Q

What bug are we thinking with Forceful cough and blood vessel rupture in eyes of child?

A

Bordetella pertussis

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3
Q

Who is at most risk for death by pertussis?

A

-Babies who are not vaccinated at that age -Adults as immunity acquired by vaccine wears off (4-5 Years)

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4
Q

What lab technique is used to diagnose Bordetella pertussis?

A

PCR

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5
Q

What is the medium of choice for growing bordetella?

A

-Regan Lowe agar = charcoal agar w/ 10% horse blood (grows slowly)

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6
Q

How does B. pertussis cause disease?

A

-Bacteria are inhaled and colonize ciliated epithelium -injects exotoxin -Tracheal cytotoxin kills ciliated epithelium

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7
Q

What are the exotoxins produced by B. pertussis?

A

-Pertussis Toxin (PT) -Adenylate Cyclase Toxin (CyaA) -Tracheal cytotoxin

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8
Q

How does Pertussis toxin work?

A

-A-B exotoxin (like diphtheria) -Damage to respiratory cells. Inhibits migration of lymphocytes and macrophages to areas of infection. Causes lymphocytosis.

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9
Q

How does Adenylate Cyclase Toxin produced by bordetella pertussis work?

A

Enters neutrophils and catalyzes the excessive production of cAMP which intoxicates the cells such that phagocytosis is compromised.

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10
Q

How do we diagnose pertussis?

A

-Swab from nasopharynx, cultured onto special media (required by CDC) -PCR is better

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11
Q

What are the microbiological features of Neisseria?

A

-Gm (-) -Diplococci -intracellular

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12
Q

What is the culture media preferred for Neisseria?

A

-Chocolate agar (requires Thayer Martin VCN = Vancomycin, Colistin, Nystatin)

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13
Q

What are the virulence factors of neisseria?

A

-Pili -Polysaccharide capsule -LOS (endotoxin)

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14
Q

What diseases are caused by Neisseria meningitidis?

A

-Sporadic & epidemic meiningitis -meningococcemia **Waterhouse-Friderichesen syndrome -Rare: bacteremia, pneumonia, septic arthritis

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15
Q

How do we diagnose Neisseria meningitidis?

A

-gram stain of CSF

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16
Q

What neonatal infections are we worried about with Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

-Conjunctivitis (causes blindness) -soft tissue abscesses -arthritis -bacteremia/sepsis

17
Q

What are the microbiological features of Bordetella pertussis?

A

-Gm (-) -rod

18
Q

What allows Bordetella pertussis to attach to ciliated epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract?

A

-Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) =a pili rod that extends from surface to bind ciliated epithelial cells

19
Q

What does tracheal cytotoxin produced by Bordetella pertussis do?

A

-kills ciliated epithelial cells

20
Q

What does DTaP stand for?

A

-vaccine -Diphtheria, Tetanus, acellular Pertussis

21
Q

What is the only Gm (-) pathogenic cocci?

A

Neisseria (meningitidis & gonorrhoeae)

22
Q

“Petechial rash & meningitis”

A

-Neisseria meningitidis

23
Q

What is the treatment for Bordetella pertussis?

A

-No antitoxin available -Early macrolides may limit severity -New vaccine has purified and inactivated proteins/toxin (only lasts 4-5 years)

24
Q

Which, caused by Neisseria meningitidis, is more deadly? Meningococcemia with meningitis or meningococcemia without meningitis?

A

-Meningococcemia without meningitis

25
Q

Who is at most risk for developing meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis?

A

1) infants aged 6 mo to 2 years 2) Army recruits 3) College freshmen

26
Q

What is Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, and what organism causes it?

A

-sever outcome of meningococcemia =acute hemorrhagic destruction of adrenal glands

27
Q

What serotypes of Neisseria meningitidis does the MPSV4 vaccine protect against?

A

-A, C, Y, W135 -does NOT protect against B

28
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Neisseria meningitidis?

A

-Enters respiratory tract -colonizes nasopharynx -invades epithelium -travels to choroid plexus, causing meningitis

29
Q

What diseases are caused by Neisseria gonorrhorea in BOTH men and women?

A

-Gonococcal bacteremia -Septic arthritis

30
Q

What diseases are caused by Neisseria gonorrhorea in women?

A

-Pelvic inlammatory disease -vaginitis, urethritis, etc. -Tenosynovitis

31
Q

What are the complications of pelvic inflammatory disease in women?

A

-Sterility -Ectopic pregnancy -Peritonitis -Peri-hepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome) -abscesses

32
Q

Does Neisseria gonorrhea have a capsule?

A

no

Term 4: Infectious Diseases (21 decks)

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