LEGAL TERMS Flashcards
to garnish
to take part of the income or property of someone who owes a debt and give it to a court in order to pay the debt
dissent
a strong difference of opinion on a particular subject, especially about an official suggestion or plan or a popular belief
to dissent
(of a judge) to offer a legal opinion in a court that differs from the opinion of most of the other judges of the court
to remit
to send money to someone.
the types of activity that a person or organization has responsibility for.
patrimony
- the property that someone gets from their father after his death
- the valuable objects, buildings, ideas, etc. that a society gets from the people who have lived in the past
mandate
- an official order or requirement to do something
- official permission or the right to do something, usually given as the result of a vote
- the period of time that a government or an elected person is allowed to remain in power
inconsequential
not important
fallout
the bad things that happen after a particular event
merit
- the quality of being good and deserving to be praised or rewarded, or an advantage that something has
- if a court decides that a complaint, case, etc. has merit, it accepts that it is true or there is evidence for it
backup
a person, plan, piece of equipment, etc. that you can use to replace another if necessary
leverage
the relationship between the amount of money that a company owes and its share capital or value
leveraged loan
a type of loan that is extended to companies or individuals that already have considerable amounts of debt or poor credit history. Lenders consider leveraged loans to carry a higher risk of default, and as a result, a leveraged loan is more costly to the borrower
investment-grade debt
the type of bond or other loan that has a low risk of not being paid back
vulnerable
able to be easily hurt, influenced, or attacked
to downgrade
to state that something such as a company is likely to produce less profit or growth, to be less able to pay back debt, etc. than was previously thought
simultaneous
happening or being done at exactly the same time
to mitigate
to make something less harmful, unpleasant, or bad
mitigating circumstances
situations that are not an excuse for a crime, but that a court of law may consider to be important enough to reduce the blame or punishment of the accused person
forbearance
- the quality of being patient and being able to forgive someone or control yourself in a difficult situation
bridge financing
a form of temporary financing intended to cover a company’s short-term costs until the moment when regular long-term financing is secured. Thus, it is named as bridge financing since it is like a bridge that connects a company to debt capital through short-term borrowings
deluge
a very large volume of something, more than can be managed
backstop
something such as a plan or method that can be used if all other plans or methods fail
to inflict
to force someone or something to experience something unpleasant
holdout
- a person, organization, or country that continues to do something, despite other people trying to force them not to
- a person, organization, or country that continues to refuse to accept something that others have already accepted, despite other people trying to persuade them to
workout
a type of financial arrangement for someone who is having difficulty paying back their debts
to impose
to introduce a new law, tax, rule, or punishment
to introduce a new law, tax, rule, or punishment
to help people deal with a process or reach an agreement or solution without getting directly involved in the process, discussion, etc. yourself
feasible
possible to do and likely to be successful
prudent
careful in the way that you make decisions or spend money so that you avoid unnecessary risks
to replicate
to make or do something again in exactly the same way
Pareto efficiency
a situation that cannot be modified so as to make any one individual or preference criterion better off without making at least one individual or preference criterion worse off
ransom
a large amount of money that is demanded in exchange for someone who has been taken prisoner, or sometimes for an animal
to bolster
to support something, or make something stronger
unaccustomed
(of a person) not familiar with or experienced at something
elusive
difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember
venue
the city or county in which a trial happens
disenfranchised
not having the right to vote, or a similar right, or having had that right taken away
integrity
the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change
inhibited
not confident enough to say or do what you want
rampant
used to describe something bad that gets worse very quickly and in an uncontrolled way
merit
the quality of being good and deserving praise
contagion
the fact of economic problems in one country, region, etc. spreading to another
standstill
a condition in which all movement or activity has stopped
to dodge
to avoid being hit by something by moving quickly to one side
resolution
an official decision that is made after a group or organization has voted
impasse
a situation in which progress is impossible, especially because the people involved cannot agree
to reprimand
to express to someone your strong official disapproval of them
to opine
to express an opinion
assertion
a statement that you strongly believe is true
to forgo
to give up or do without
to allege
to say that someone has done something illegal or wrong without giving proof
discernible
able to be seen or understood
zeal
great enthusiasm or interest
anecdotal
based on reports or things someone saw rather than on proven facts
to underscore
to emphasize the importance something
tranche
one of several parts of a financial arrangement, payment, amount, etc.
to garner
to collect something, usually after much work or with difficulty
to overhaul
to repair or improve something so that every part of it works as it should
adverse
having a negative or harmful effect on something
antagonist
a person who is strongly opposed to something or someone
behest
a request
adherence
the fact of someone behaving exactly according to rules, beliefs, etc.
surge
a sudden and great increase
bust
a period of slow economic activity and lack of growth
harbinger
a person or thing that shows that something is going to happen soon, especially something bad
doom
death, destruction, or any very bad situation that cannot be avoided
junk bond
a bond that has a high risk that it will not be paid back, but that may possibly make a large profit
upshot
something that happens as a result of other actions, events, or decisions
deluge
a very large volume of something, more than can be managed
flurry
a sudden light fall of snow, blown in different directions by the wind
limbo
an uncertain situation that you cannot control and in which there is no progress or improvement
to vie
to compete with other people to achieve or get something
disclosure
the act of making something known or the fact that is made known
impaired
damaged in a way that makes something less effective
to engage
to cause someone to become interested or involved in an activity, or to attract someone’s interest
docket
a list of cases to be dealt with in a law court
to entice
to persuade someone to do something by offering them something pleasant
to encourage
to make someone more likely to do something, or to make something more likely to happen
consistent
always behaving or happening in a similar, especially positive, way
motion
a formal suggestion made, discussed, and voted on at a meeting
to consummate
to make something complete or perfect
to foster
to encourage the development or growth of ideas or feelings
admittedly
used when you are agreeing that something is true, especially unwillingly
prevalence
the fact that something is very common or happens often
discernible
able to be seen or understood
detrimental
causing harm or damage
indenture
- a written agreement that states the rights and responsibilities of a company that sells a bond and someone who buys it
- especially in the past, a formal agreement that someone will work for someone else for a particular length of time, especially in order to learn a job
alleged
said or thought by some people to be the stated bad or illegal thing, although you have no proof
pleading
urgent, emotional statements or requests for something
innate
(of a quality) which you are born with, or which is present naturally
to aggregate
something formed by adding together several amounts or things
plausible
possibly true; able to be believed
substantively
in a way that is important, serious, or related to real facts
to confound
to confuse and very much surprise someone, so that they are unable to explain or deal with a situation
to dissect
to examine or consider something in detail
Anecdotal evidence
evidence from anecdotes: evidence collected in a casual or informal manner and relying heavily or entirely on personal testimony
Mitigating
making something less harmful, unpleasant, or bad
Undue
more than is necessary, acceptable, or reasonable
to glean
to collect information in small amounts and often with difficulty
oversight
a mistake made because of a failure to notice something
determination
- the ability to continue trying to do something, although it is very difficult
- the process of controlling, influencing, or deciding something
to alternate
to happen or exist one after the other repeatedly
to mimic
to copy the way in which a particular person usually speaks and moves, usually in order to make people laugh
to dismantle
to take a machine apart or to come apart into separate pieces
to embrace
to include something, often as one of a number of things
robust
strong and unlikely to break or fail
to strive
to try hard to do something or make something happen, esp. for a long time or against difficulties
