Legal & Regulatory Flashcards
IFR Recency Requirement
Within the last 6 months
1. Intercept and track course through use of navigation systems
2. Perform a holding procedure
3. Flown at least 6 instrument approaches
.. while under actual or simulated instrument conditions, or using an ATD
OR do an Instrument Proficiency Check (IPC)
Failing that, you are no longer current. However, you have a 6 month grace period to get current yourself before an IPC becomes required
12 months past recency
Pass an instrument proficiency check
Medical requirement - Exercising Commercial privileges
Second Class
CFR sections governing scheduled air carriers and on-demand charters
Parts 119, 121, 125, and 135
High altitude training required to operate above
25,000 MSL
BasicMed Limitations
- No more than 5 passengers (and no airplane that holds more than 5)
- No more than 6000lbs takeoff weight
- Stay in the US, below 18000, and under 250kias
- May not fly for hire
When is an Instrument rating required?
Part 61 stipulates that a pilot must have a rating in the category and class flown for any of the following consitions:
- actual IMC
- VMC, but filing IFR
- flight above 18000
- commercial flights at night OR further than 50nm
Operating in Class B airspace without a transponder is permissable when
ATC authorizes, which they may do in event of a failure OR with request (>1 hour prior)
Equipment inspection requirements
24 calendar months: altimeter, transponder, static system and encoder
12 months: ELT
30 days: VOR Check
Oxygen requirements
Pilots are encouraged to use supplemental oxygen above 5000 at night
Required flight crew is required to use it after 30 mins above 12,500, and at all times above 14,000
Above 15,000: Required for all occupants
Preflight planning requirements
- Weather reports and forecasts
- Fuel requirements
- Alternatives available, should they become needed
- Any known traffic delays
- Runway lengths
- Expected takeoff and landing distances
Class E floor
Over an airway: 1200agl
Over an airport that has IAP(s): 700agl
Class G maximum altitude
14,500 except where terrain takes it higher (typically class G extends up to 1500agl)
IFR Minimum altitudes in mountainous or non-mountainous terrain (if not otherwise specified)
Mountainous: 2000 feet above the highest obstacle within 4nm on either side of the course
Non-mountainous: 1000 feet
Appropriate VFR cruising altitudes are based on the direction of the
Magnetic Course
PIC must advise ATC of the following as soon as possible?
- Any unforecast weather
- Time and altitude passing each designated reporting point
-  Any other information relating to the safety of flight
Pilot should IMMEDIATELY advise ATC should any of the following malfunctions occur in flight
- Loss of VOR or ATF capability
- Complete or partial loss of ILS receiver capability
- Impairment of air/ground communications capability
Additional reports a PIC should make without specific request from ATC
- When an approach has been missed
- When leaving a previously assigned altitude for a newly assigned altitude
- When unable to climb or descend at a rate of at least 500fpm
- Changing altitude when operating VFR on top
- Changing in average TAS of +/-5% or 10kts from filed
- Time and altitude reaching a holding fix or clearance limit
- Leaving a hold
- When leaving the FAF (and not in radar contact)
- When a previously submitted estimate becomes more than 3 minutes in error
When flying direct and off-airway, what are the compulsory reporting points?
Fixes selected to define the route
Lost Comm procedures
First troubleshoot (try previous frequency, FSS frequency, headset plug, other radio, volume, etc) then squawk 7600
If VFR, remain VFR and land as soon as practicable
If IFR..
1. Route = AVE-F A - route assigned V - direct to the point being vectored to E - any "expected" route F - filed in flight plan
- Altitude = highest of MEA
M - minimim enroute altitude
E - expected altitude
A - assigned altitude
If given a clearance limit or hold, leave that fix at the EFC time given. Otherwise proceed to the IAF and hold until the ETA shown on the flight plan, then descend and start the approach.
When can VFR waypoints be used in an IFR flight plan?
Never
IFR Fuel requirements
When operating in IMC, you must have enough fuel to complete the flight to the first airport of intended landing, fly from that airport to the alternate airport, and fly after that for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed
Exception to needing an alternate:
- there is a standard instrument approach procedure for the first airport and
- the 1-2-3 rule
Recommended procedure for transitioning from VFR to IFR on a composite flight plan
Prior to transitioning to IFR, contact the nearest FSS, close the VFR portion, and request ATC clearance
Standard alternate minimums
Weather of
- 600ft ceiling / 2sm vis (precision)
- 800ft ceiling / 2sm vis (non-precision)
Forecast at your ETA
When may ATC request a detailed report of an emergency?
They may request it any time “priority” has been given. If requested, pilots have 48 hours to comply.
When operating VFR, what should you do if ATC instructs you to break a rule?
Do not break the rule. Advise “unable” and ask for further instructions
