Legal & Regulatory

Question 1

IFR Recency Requirement

Answer 1

Within the last 6 months
1. Intercept and track course through use of navigation systems
2. Perform a holding procedure
3. Flown at least 6 instrument approaches
.. while under actual or simulated instrument conditions, or using an ATD

OR do an Instrument Proficiency Check (IPC)

Failing that, you are no longer current. However, you have a 6 month grace period to get current yourself before an IPC becomes required

Question 2

12 months past recency

Answer 2

Pass an instrument proficiency check

Question 3

Medical requirement - Exercising Commercial privileges

Answer 3

Second Class

Question 4

CFR sections governing scheduled air carriers and on-demand charters

Answer 4

Parts 119, 121, 125, and 135

Question 5

High altitude training required to operate above

Answer 5

25,000 MSL

Question 6

BasicMed Limitations

Answer 6

• No more than 5 passengers (and no airplane that holds more than 5)
• No more than 6000lbs takeoff weight
• Stay in the US, below 18000, and under 250kias
• May not fly for hire

Question 7

When is an Instrument rating required?

Answer 7

Part 61 stipulates that a pilot must have a rating in the category and class flown for any of the following consitions:

• actual IMC
• VMC, but filing IFR
• flight above 18000
• commercial flights at night OR further than 50nm

Question 8

Operating in Class B airspace without a transponder is permissable when

Answer 8

ATC authorizes, which they may do in event of a failure OR with request (>1 hour prior)

Question 9

Equipment inspection requirements

Answer 9

24 calendar months: altimeter, transponder, static system and encoder

12 months: ELT

30 days: VOR Check

Question 10

Oxygen requirements

Answer 10

Pilots are encouraged to use supplemental oxygen above 5000 at night

Required flight crew is required to use it after 30 mins above 12,500, and at all times above 14,000

Above 15,000: Required for all occupants

Question 11

Preflight planning requirements

Answer 11

1. Weather reports and forecasts
2. Fuel requirements
3. Alternatives available, should they become needed
4. Any known traffic delays
5. Runway lengths
6. Expected takeoff and landing distances

Question 12

Class E floor

Answer 12

Over an airway: 1200agl

Over an airport that has IAP(s): 700agl

Question 13

Class G maximum altitude

Answer 13

14,500 except where terrain takes it higher (typically class G extends up to 1500agl)

Question 14

IFR Minimum altitudes in mountainous or non-mountainous terrain (if not otherwise specified)

Answer 14

Mountainous: 2000 feet above the highest obstacle within 4nm on either side of the course

Non-mountainous: 1000 feet

Question 15

Appropriate VFR cruising altitudes are based on the direction of the

Answer 15

Magnetic Course

Question 16

PIC must advise ATC of the following as soon as possible?

Answer 16

1. Any unforecast weather
2. Time and altitude passing each designated reporting point
3.  Any other information relating to the safety of flight

Question 17

Pilot should IMMEDIATELY advise ATC should any of the following malfunctions occur in flight

Answer 17

1. Loss of VOR or ATF capability
2. Complete or partial loss of ILS receiver capability
3. Impairment of air/ground communications capability

Question 18

Additional reports a PIC should make without specific request from ATC

Answer 18

1. When an approach has been missed
2. When leaving a previously assigned altitude for a newly assigned altitude
3. When unable to climb or descend at a rate of at least 500fpm
4. Changing altitude when operating VFR on top
5. Changing in average TAS of +/-5% or 10kts from filed
6. Time and altitude reaching a holding fix or clearance limit
7. Leaving a hold
8. When leaving the FAF (and not in radar contact)
9. When a previously submitted estimate becomes more than 3 minutes in error

Question 19

When flying direct and off-airway, what are the compulsory reporting points?

Answer 19

Fixes selected to define the route

Question 20

Lost Comm procedures

Answer 20

First troubleshoot (try previous frequency, FSS frequency, headset plug, other radio, volume, etc) then squawk 7600

If VFR, remain VFR and land as soon as practicable

If IFR..

1. Route = AVE-F
A - route assigned
V - direct to the point being vectored to
E - any "expected" route
F - filed in flight plan

2. Altitude = highest of MEA
   M - minimim enroute altitude
   E - expected altitude
   A - assigned altitude

If given a clearance limit or hold, leave that fix at the EFC time given. Otherwise proceed to the IAF and hold until the ETA shown on the flight plan, then descend and start the approach.

Question 21

When can VFR waypoints be used in an IFR flight plan?

Answer 21

Never

Question 22

IFR Fuel requirements

Answer 22

When operating in IMC, you must have enough fuel to complete the flight to the first airport of intended landing, fly from that airport to the alternate airport, and fly after that for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed

Exception to needing an alternate:

• there is a standard instrument approach procedure for the first airport and
• the 1-2-3 rule

Question 23

Recommended procedure for transitioning from VFR to IFR on a composite flight plan

Answer 23

Prior to transitioning to IFR, contact the nearest FSS, close the VFR portion, and request ATC clearance

Question 24

Standard alternate minimums

Answer 24

Weather of
- 600ft ceiling / 2sm vis (precision)
- 800ft ceiling / 2sm vis (non-precision)
Forecast at your ETA

Question 25

When may ATC request a detailed report of an emergency?

Answer 25

They may request it any time “priority” has been given. If requested, pilots have 48 hours to comply.

Question 26

When operating VFR, what should you do if ATC instructs you to break a rule?

Answer 26

Do not break the rule. Advise “unable” and ask for further instructions