Legal Medicine Flashcards
(228 cards)
1
Q
Medicine applied to law
A
Legal medicine
2
Q
A person studying the law applied to medicine
A
Medical jurist
4
Q
Highest law in the country
A
Constitutional law
5
Q
Penalty of 7 years and 1 day
A
Prision Mayor (6 yrs and 1 day to 12 years)
“CongMayorTemporary Permanent”
arresto menor 1-30 days
arresto mayor 1-6 mos
prision COrreccional 6 mos to 6 yrs
prision MAYOR …12 yrs
reclusion TEMPOral …20 yrs
reclusion PERpetua …40 yrs
6
Q
Highest penalty
A
Reclusion perpetua
7
Q
Oldest code of law
A
Code of Hammurabi
8
Q
Father of forensic medicine
A
Paulus Zacchias
9
Q
banishment/not allowed within 25km from actual residence
A
Destierro
10
Q
Ignorance of the law excuses no one from compliance
A
Ignorantia legis neminem excusat
11
Q
Duration of time needed for a law to be implemented
A
15 days
12
Q
Do not correspond with matters in issue, not a type of evidence (pampagulo)
A
Collateral matters
13
Q
Unproffesional behavior toward the judge during the court proceedings is punishable by
A
Direct contempt (200,000 fine or 10 days term)
14
Q
Type of evidence wherein the doctor interprets the findings to the judge
A
Expert witness
15
Q
A doctor has been subpoenaed by the court, but he is currently abroad in vacation. Is he still required to attend?
A
No. Not anymore their territory.
16
Q
Original documents is a type of what evidence
A
Documentary (best evidence rule)
17
Q
Fingerprints are a type of what evidence?
A
Physical evidence (aids in identifying perpetrator)
18
Q
Most practical, useful, and reliable method of preservation
A
Photography
19
Q
Guilt beyond reasonable doubt
A
Criminal case
20
Q
Only needs substantive evidence
A
Administrative case
21
Q
All cells have DNA except
A
mature RBCs
22
Q
Most powerful tool for human identification
A
DNA analysis (except in identical twins)
23
Q
CCTV of the crime scene is an example of what evidence
A
Corroborative evidence
24
Q
Polygraph/lie detector has how many percentage of error
A
25% (nervous wreck, physical problems..)
25
Q
What is the medication used in truth serum
A
Hyoscine hydrobromide
26
In wine there is truth
In vino veritas
27
Type of criminal offender that committed a crime due to a promise of reward
Passive inadequate offenders
28
Hired killers, what type of crime
Non-emotional crime
29
A circumstance wherein a crime occurred with absence of free will
Exempting circumstance
30
Estimation of height from tip of olecranon to tip of middle finger
5/19th
31
This is formed during 4th month of pregnancy and is the most valuable method for identification
Fingerprint
32
Recording fingerprints
dactylography
33
What permanent tooth first erupt?
1st molar at 6yo
34
Age of scar if it is coppery
2-6 months
35
What pelvis is the mastoid process larger and styloid shorter
Male pelvis
36
Best of micro-chemical test to test blood
Teichmann blood crystals (teikman mo na yan dugo)
37
Test to determine whether semen is from humans or animals
Precipitin test
38
Menstrual blood is acidic due to lots of
Doderlain bacilli
39
RA 7610
Child abuse law
40
If failed to report child abuse within 48 hours, HCPs can be penalized by what law
PD 169 1-3 yrs in prison, revocation of license, 1-3k fine
41
What month is the sex distinguished in pregnancy
End of 4th month
42
Mayor's sign
FHT heard via UTZ (earliest 5-6 wks)
43
Quickening is a what sign of pregnancy
Positive!!! (Sa OB, presumptive! Basta follow lang the subject you are taking)
44
Vestige of hymen
Caruncula myrtiformis
45
Fertilization made by 2 separate intercourses
Superfecundation
46
Fertilization of 2 ova
Superfetation
47
Imaginary pregnancy
Pseudocyesis/spurious pregnancy
48
Evidence of striae of pregnancy seen postpartum
Linea albicantes
49
If a pharmacist dispenses an abortifacient without a prescription, she can be sued with penalty of
Arresto mayor and a fine of <1000
50
Physician giving abortifacient penalty
Prision correccional
51
Determines whether respiration took place before death of newborn
Hydrostatic test/Fodere test
52
Breslau 2nd life test
Stomach bowel test - test if organs float in water > baby was able to take breaths of life
53
Disappearance of gelatinous embryonic tissue in middle ear
Wredin test
54
Vernix caseosa is present up to
2 days
55
A nurse killed a newly born child
Infanticide
56
A mother killed her 4 days old baby at home
Parricide (<3 days infanticide)
57
Child born 6 months after her parents divorced. What is the filiation?
Legitimate
58
Unnatural children, cannot be legitimated
Spurious children
59
Children borne from prostitute mother
Manceres
60
Insemination of husband's sperm
Artificial insemination homologous
61
If only the head of the victim was found, how will you estimate the height?
8x the length
62
Removal of unfertilized egg and placing it in another woman
Artificial inoculation
63
Virgin birth
Parthenogenesis
64
Removal of fertilized egg to transfer to another woman
Embryo transplantation
64
Offspring genetically identical to parent
Cloning
65
Penalty to a drunk causing public disturbance (nagwawala)
Arresto mayor to prision correccional
Fine <200,000
66
Blood alcohol level of stuporous, apathy
300mg%
67
Blood alcohol level: coma
400mg% or 0.5g%
68
Alcohol content in beverage that is most rapidly absorbed
10-20%
69
Type of wound with communication between inner and outer of hollow organs
Perforating wound
70
Blow in the forehead causes contusion on eyeball
Locus minons resistancia (not coup-contrecoup)
71
Mutilation of other parts of body other than genitals
Mayhem
72
Type of injury where The victim was incapacitated for >30 days
Serious physical injuries
73
Less serious injury but resulted to imbecility, impotence, and face mutilation
Serious physical injuries
74
Penalty if complainant was Incapacitated for >90 days
Arresto mayor
75
Ill treatment but the victim was not prevented from going to work
Slight physical injury
76
Injured by unidentified multiple assailants
Tumultous affray
77
Causes elevation in skin, extravasation of blood
Hematoma
78
Age of contusion if color is yellow
7-10 days
79
Partial disruption of muscular/ligaments support of joint
Sprain
80
The cut on the neck is oblique, above Adam's apple
Suicidal wound
81
Horizontal wound on neck, wound below adam's apple
Homicidal
82
Tissues with limited capacity to regenerate
Highly specialized glandular epithelium
Smooth muscles
Neurons
83
Most common cause of cerebral compression
Subdural hemorrhage
84
If the victim of murder survives due to surgery, what is the classification of murder?
Frustrated murder
85
If the person has knowledge of the murder but is not present at the crime scene
Accessory
86
If the person is present at the scene and helps the murderer, he is an
Accomplice
87
the suspect admitted to his crime before the trial outside the court
confession (judicial confession if during the trial)
88
Unruptured hymen but able to insert 2-3 fingers
False physical virginity
89
Hymen is lacerated due to instrumentation
Hymenal laceration (not defloration)
90
14 year old is raped, she consented due to the money she'd be given
Statutory rape
91
Law penalizing a woman raping a man, or a husband raping his wife
RA 8353
92
Test specific for spermatic fluid
Berberio test
93
A 17 year old student was deceived to have sexual intercourse with her boyfriend by telling her he would marry her anyway
Simple seduction
94
A 16 year old, who's never had a sexual relation, was entrusted to her guardian where she was seduced to intercourse
Qualified seduction
95
if the suspect confessed to his crime during the trial, what happens to his penalty?
mitigating circumstance -it will decrease by one degree
96
A man having an affair with a married woman and has carnal knowledge with her
Paramore
97
Nagtanan ang 17 year old virgin girl with jowa
Consented abduction
98
Penalty for the mistress
Destierro (6 yrs imprisonment for the concubine)
99
Promotes prostitution to women <18
Corruption of minors
100
External genital structures present but fail to develop at puberty
Gonadal dysgenesis (klinefelter and turner syndromes)
101
Most common sites of coup brain lacerations
Frontal and parietal lobes
102
The suspect admitted to his crime before the trial outside the court
Confession (judicial if during the trial)
103
If the suspect confessed to his crime during the trial, what happens to his penalty?
Reduced to 1 degree -mitigating circumstance
104
If the entry of bullet on the victim was on the forehead, homicide or murder?
Homicide kasi may chance pang lumaban ang victim
105
Personal sense of identity thru clothing, inclinations, and behavior
Gender identity
106
If wife dies, what is the civil status of husband?
Widower, not single
107
Duration when body attains the temperature of surrounding air
12-15 hrs in tropical countries
108
Delayed ROSC after CPR
lazarus phenomenon
109
Temporary cessation of vital functions in cases like electric shock
State of suspended animation
110
One of most prominent signs of death, progressive fall of body temp
Algor mortis
111
Muscles still contractile 5 hrs after death
Stage of primary flaccidity
112
This approximates time of death; muscles stiffen 3-6 hrs after death
Rigor mortis
113
Assumes a pugilistic stance
Heat stiffness
114
Instant stiffness after death on certain muscles only, asymmetric; determine nature of crime
Cadaveric spasm
115
Secondary flaccidity signals this process
Decomposition
116
Bacteria commonly seen in decomposing cadaver
Clostridium welchii/perfringens
117
Settling of blood in most extensive and dependent areas postmortem
Livor mortis
118
Dark red blood postmortem, what's the cause of death
Asphyxia
119
Bright pink blood, cause of death is
Carbon monoxide
120
Bright red blood postmortem, cause is
Hydrocyanic acid
121
Foul-smelling gases in cadaver, bloating, greenish right iliac fossa
Putrefaction
122
Prominence of superficial veins with reddish discoloration on flanks, shoulders
Marbolization
123
Appearance of flies and maggots on cadaver, duration is
48 hrs dead
124
Body is Skeletonized in
1 month
125
Present in pointe of entry of GSW, never on exit
Contusion collar
126
Soiling on GSW entry is due to
Gunpowder tattooing
127
Test if a person has fired a gun, presumptive
Paraffin test (should be within 3 days for it to be positive)
128
Ballistics that only the doctor has expertise on
Medical ballistics
129
Slug, missile, produces damage to target
Bullet
130
Tattooing/stippling indicates the muzzle distance is just
Within 2 feet of the victim
131
Swelling, effusion of lymph, cellular repair signs
Vital tissue reaction
132
Dehydration of whole corpse
Mummification
133
Waxy corpse, tissues transformed to soft brownish-whote adipocere, rancid odor
Saponification/adipocere formation
134
A plane was missing for years. When can we presumed the passengers are dead in recent law?
After 2 years
135
Provicial governor is wuthorized to order autopsy. True or false
True
City fiscal
RTC
NBI director
Chief of police of Manila
Solicitor general
136
required distance from any house of burial
25 m, 50 meters for any water source
137
if the entry of bullet on the victim was on the forehead. homicide or murder?
homicide kasi nanlaban pa ang victim (murder if sa likod, walang kalaban-laban)
138
Engaged in all sexual acts exept vaginal penetration
Demi-virginity
139
Husband having an affair with a mistress
Concubinage
140
In a suspicious case of a Muslim family murdered, official autopsy is to be performed by the law. To whom do they seek consent?
No one. Consent not needed in a medicolegal case.
141
If after all efforts in an autopsy, cause of death still remain unknown
Negative autopsy
142
Natural death with signs of violence
Medicolegal masquerade
143
If a 4 month old child dies sudeenly while sleeping in a crib, what is this case?
Instantaneous physiologic death/ SIDS
144
Pokkuri/Bangugot
Sudden Unexplained Nocturnal Death
145
A man killed his illegitimate grandfather
Homicide/ not parricide
146
Penalty to someone assisting in suicide commision
Prision mayor
147
Allowed to die a natural death with no intervention
Orthothanasia
148
Extraordinary measure to save life
Dysthanasia
149
If there's no food, only water. How long will a person survive?
50-60 days
150
A body must be buried if with communicable disease within
12 hrs
151
Death certificate must be signed and submitted to the secretary within
48 hrs
152
the deceased buried is disinterred
exhumation
153
for a deceased who died from a dangerous communicable disease, when can disinterment be done?
5 years (3 years for nondangerous CD)
154
What stage of injury from cold does blister formation occurs?
stage 3
155
postmortem finding of blood in the heart and blood vessels are still fluid
death from cold/frostbite
156
causes heart failure occurs due to muscle exertion and warm clothing but patient recovers eventually
heat exhaustion
157
what degree of burns in Dupuytren's classification does sloughing with yellowish-brown parchment like occurs?
stage 4
158
splitting of soft tissues of body
heat rupture
159
chemical with the most intense reaction of blackish-brown sloughs
sulfuric acid
160
leads to crocodile skin due to high-voltage
electric flash burn
161
fatal voltage
220-250 (but a 70-80 amps alternating current more dangerous)
162
subpleural, subcardial punctiform hemorrhages
tardieu spots
163
phases in hanging
dyspneic
convulsive
death
164
homicidal hanging
lynching
165
mouth and nose covered with fluid with one deep inspiration
respiration de surprise
166
a crime must have
criminal act (actus reus) and criminal mind (mens rea)
167
false interpretation of external stimulus
illusion
168
method of swinging the arms of the drowned victim and pressing on chest wall every 3-5 sec
sylvester method
169
test to determine the cause of drowning either from sea water or fresh water by a difference of 25 mg in chloride content
gettler's test
170
a case where the suspect is proven to be of feeble-minded, what is this circumstance?
mitigating, not exempting!
(mind of a 7-12 yo)
171
duration of maternity leave
2 weeks prior EDC and 4 weeks postpartum
172
statutory rape age
<16 yo
173
anti-rape law of 1997
RA 8353
174
allowable age by family code article 5 to marry
18
175
most toxic and rapid-acting chemical causing blue fingernails, glistening eyes
hydrogen cyanide
176
only what type of divorce is recognized by our law?
relative (not absolute)
177
physical incapacity to grant sexual gratification on the spouse
impotence
178
cotard syndrome I; walking corpse belief
nihilistic delusion
179
overpowering desire or need to obtain drug by any means
drug addiction
180
has the capacity to refrain from using drug
drug habituation
181
most commonly abused drug in the PH
methamphetamine/shabu
182
most lethal form of alcohol
ethylyne glycol
183
Law governing medical practice of medical profession in Philippines
Medical Act of 1959 (RA2382)
184
Minimum age requirement to practice medicine
21
185
Subjects taken on a preliminary exam after completing first 2 years in medschool
Anatomy
Physiology
Biochemistry
Microbiology-Parasitology
186
A faith healer practices healing with a fee
A medical student diagnosing and prescribing in a medical mission with no supervision of a doctor
Illegal practice
187
An african doctor is allowed to practice here in the Philippines as Filipinos are allowed to practice medicine in their country
Reciprocity rule
188
Board of Medicine allows a group of american physicians to conduct a surgical mission here in Zamboanga City from March 15-20, 2025
Endorsement Rule
189
Law for balikbayan physicians
PD 541
190
Physician-patient relationship is a contracual relationship having
Consensual (mutual consents) and fiduciary (mutual trust)
191
In emergency cases like hit-and-run unidentified patient requiring surgery, the surgeon can undergo immediate surgery to save the life of the patient with no consent taken based on the
Implied consent
192
Fee measured bu time rendered to patient
Retainer fee
193
If a comatose patient, unmarried, has a procedure that needs consent, to whom do you get it?
Parents
194
The court of law is the last resort in giving consent
Parens patriae
195
In bilateral oophorectomy to a 32 year old woman, consent of spouse is taken
Right of consortium (not needed, but to preserve marital harmony)
196
Confidential information may be divulged if
Required in justice
Public health
Public safety
197
Medical malpractice constitutes
Duty
Derelict
Damage
Direct
198
Kind of euthanasia allowed in Philippines
Passive:
Orthothanasia
Dysthanasia
199
The BoM needs only ___ to revoke/suspend a license of the doctor
Substantial evidence
200
Preponderance of evidence (paramihan)
Civil case
201
Monetary paid to serve as na example to other doctors the weight of the act done
Exemplary damages
202
Trifling sum awarded to the plaintiff where there is no injury but a breach of defendant's duty
Nominal damages
203
Estimated value of pain/suffering per day x the number of days to suffer
Moral damages
204
Body of rights, obligations, and remedies to provide relief to a person who suffered due to a wrongful act of other
Torts
205
Tortfeasor
Defendant
206
Wrongful act of hospital employees make the hospital liable
Vicarious liability
207
Can be sued even by charity/service patient
Private hospital
208
The service consultant will be liable for the mistakes of the resident under him, the hospital kumawala kasi it just provides the priviledge for the doctors to work on their hospital
Independent contractor theory
209
Strengthening anti-hospital deposit law RA 8344
RA 10932
210
Anti-hospital detention law
RA 9439
211
A patient admitted in a private room of choice was not able to complethe payment for his discharged. Can she use the power of the anti-hospital detention law?
No, kasi nagPRIVATE ROOM hi aunteh
212
The patient of an anesthesiologist is being intubated prior to surgery when suddenly her patient's cardiac activity stop and eventually died. What doctrine can the hospital use to not be liable?
Captain of the ship doctrine
213
The patient of an anesthesiologist is intubated prior to surgery when suddenly her patient's cardiac activity stop and eventually died. What doctrine stating the hospital is liable for it?
Doctrine of ostensible agent
214
The patient had a postop infection on his foot after wound debridement was done last week. Prior to the procedure, the surgeon clearly warns him of the possible complication as this as he is a diabetic. What doctrine?
Doctrine of assumption of risk
215
Doctrine where physicians are deemed employees of the hospital no matter their contract or status
Doctrine of corporate negligence
216
Who is responsible when doctor Grey referred the patient for consultation to dr Weber?
Dr. Grey still as she only referred for "consultation" (becomes shared if for co-management)
217
Who is the guardian of the medical records?
Hospital
218
Rule of double-effect scenario, what code of ethics considered
Non-maleficence usually
219
Ethical principles and guidelines for research with human subjects
Belmont report
220
Surrogacy in order
Spouse
Descendants
Ascendants
Siblings
221
Ultimate fact to be proven
Factum probandum
222
Supporting evidence to prove guilt or innocence
Factum probans
223
Admissible in court as the dying person is assumed to only tell the truth
Dying declaration
224
The court requested for the medical records of your patient
Subpoena duces tecum
225
Failure to obey subpoena
Indirect contempt
226
Written explanation to the court submitted within 3 days of the trial explaining why you could not attend the subpoena
Show cause order
227
Bioindicator to determine temporal estimation of arsenic poisoning is the
Hair
Arsenic has high affinity for keratin and binds to hair
228
All abortive crimes are punishable by
Prision correccional
EXCEPT for doctors:
Intentional with violence - reclusion temporal
Intentional, no violence and no consent - prision mayor
Pharmacist - arresto mayor and fine <1001
