Leg muscles Flashcards
Muscles of anterior thigh: flexers of the hip
- psoas major
- Iliacus
- pectineus
- sartorius
Iliacus
O: superior 2/3 fossa, ala of sacrum, anterior SI ligament I: lesser trochanter of femur and shaft inferior to it, and to psoas major tendon N: femoral nerve B: iliac branches of iliolumbar artery A: flexes hip and stabilizes hip joint; acts with psoas major
Pectineus
O: Superior ramus of pubis I: pectineal line of the femur N: femoral nerve and sometimes obturator nerve B: medial circumflex, femoral artery, obturator artery A: adducts and flexes thigh at hip
Psoas major
O: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, sides of bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae, intervening intervertebral discs I: lesser trochanter of femur N: ventral rami of first lumbar nerve B: lumbar branches of iliolumbar artery A: acting superiorly with iliacus: flexes hip; inferiorly: flexes vertebral column laterally; used to balance trunk in sitting position; acting inferiorly with iliacus: flexes trunk
Sartorius
O: anterior, superior iliac spine and superior notch below it I: superior part of medial surface of tibia N: femoral nerve B: femoral artery A: abducts, laterally rotates, and flexes thigh; flexes knee joint
Quadricep femoris
O: lateral margin of ischial tuberosity I: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur N: nerve to quadratus femoris B: medial circumflex femoral artery A: laterally rotates hip at thigh
Muscles of Anterior thigh: extensor of the hip
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialus
- Vastus intermedius
Rectus femoris
O: anterior inferior iliac spine and superior to acetabulum I: base of patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament N: femoral nerve B: profunda femoris and lateral circumflex femoral arteries A: extends leg at knee joint and flexes thigh at hip joint
Vastus lateralis
O: greater trochanter, lateral lip of linea aspera of femur I: base of patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament N: femoral nerve B: lateral circumflex, and profunda femoris arteries A: extends leg at knee joint
Vastus medialis
O: intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera of femur I: base of patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament N: femoral nerve B: femoral and profunda femoris arteries A: extends leg at knee joint
Vastus intermedius
O: anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur I: base of patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament N: femoral nerve B: lateral circumflex, and profunda femoris arteries A: extends leg at knee joint
Muscles of posterior thigh
- what do they do?
- names
- extensor of hip and flexor of knee
- semimembranosus, semitendinous, long head and short head biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
O: ischial tuberosity I: superior part of medial surface of tibia N: sciatic nerve B: perforating branch of profunda femoris and medial circumflex femoral arteries A: flexes leg, extends thigh
Semimembranosus
O: ischial tuberosity I: posterior part of medial condyle of tibia N: sciatic nerve B: perforating branch of profunda femoris and medial circumflex femoral arteries A: flexes leg, extends thigh
Biceps femoris
O: long head- ischial tuberosity, short head-linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur I: lateral side of head of fibula N: sciatic nerve B: perforating branches of profunda femoris, inferior gluteal, and medial circumflex femoral arteries A: flexes and laterally rotates leg, extends thigh at hip
Muscles of gluteal region
- function
- name
- abductors and rotators of thigh
- glut max, glut medius, glut min, tensor fasciae latae, piriformis, obturator internus, superior gemelli, inferior gemelli, quad femoris
gluteus maximus
O:Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament I: most fibers end in iliotibial tract that inserts into lateral condyle of tibia, other insert into gluteal tuberosity of femur N: inferior gluteal nerve B: inferior gluteal arteries and superior gluteal arteries A: extends flexed thigh, assists in lateral rotation and abducts thigh
gluteus medius
O: lateral surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines I: lateral surface of greater trochanter N: superior gluteal nerve B: superior gluteal artery A: abducts and medially rotates thigh at hip, steadies pelvis on leg when opposite leg is lifted
gluteus minimus
O: lateral surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines I: anterior surface of greater trochanter N: superior gluteal nerve B: main trunk and deep branch of superior gluteal artery A: abducts and medially rotates thigh at hip, steadies pelvis on leg when opposite leg is lifted
tensor fasciae latae
O: anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of iliac crest I: iliotibial tract that attaches to lateral condyle of tibia N: superior gluteal nerve B: ascending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery A: abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh at hip; helps to keep knee extended
piriformis
O: anterior surface of sacral segments 2-4, sacrotuberous ligament I: superior border of greater trochanter of femur N: ventral rami of L5, S1, S2 B: superior and inferior gluteal arteries, internal pudendeal artery A: laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh at hip
obturator internus
O: pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone I: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur N: nerve to obturator internus B: internal pudendal and obturator arteries A: laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh at hip
superior gemelli
O: outer surface of ischial spine I: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur N: nerve to obturator internus B: inferior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries A: laterally rotates extended thigh at the hip
inferior gemelli
O: ischial tuberosity I: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur N: nerve to quadratus femoris B: medial circumflex femoral artery A: laterally rotates extended thigh at hip
quadratus femoris
O: lateral margin of ischial tuberosity I: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteris crest of femur N: nerve to quadratus femoris B: medial circumflex femoral artery A: laterally rotates thigh at hip
Nerves of gluteal region
- Superior gluteal
- Inferior gluteal
- nerve to obturator internus and sup gemellus
- pudendal nerve
- nerve to quadratus femoris and inf gemellus
- sciatic nerve
- posterior cutaneous nerve
Muscles of medial thigh: adductors of hip
Gracilus, Adductor longus, Adductor magnus, Adductor brevis, Obturator externus
Gracilis
O: body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: superior part of medial surface of tibia
N: obturator nerve
B:Profunda femoris artery, medial circumflex femoral artery
A: adducts thigh, flexes and helps medially rotate leg
Adductor magnus
O: inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischiumm; ischial tuberosity
I: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, and medial supracondylar line; adductor tubercle of femur
N:obturator nerve, posterior division of L2-L4; tibial part of sciatic nerve
B: Femoral, profunda femoris, and obturator arteries
A: adducts and flexes thigh; extends thigh
Adductor brevis
O: Body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of fermur
N:obturator nerve and branch of anterior division of L2-L4
B:Profunda femoris, medial circumflex femoral, and obturator arteries
A: adducts thigh and helps with flexion
Adductor longus
O: body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
I: middle third of linea aspera
N: obturator nerve and branch of anterior division of L2-L4
B: Profunda femoris and medial circumflex femoral arteries
A: adducts thigh
Obturator externus
O:margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
I: trochanteric fossa of femur
N: obturator nerve
B:Medial circumflex femoral artery, obturator artery
A: laterallty rotates thigh, steadies head of femur in acetabulum
Muscles of foot: layer 1
Abductor halicus
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi
Abductor hallucis
O: medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis
I: medial side of base of proximal phalax of first digit
N: medial plantar nerve (S2-S3)
B: medial plantar and 1st plantar metatarsal arteries
A: abducts and flexes 1st digit
Flexor digitorum brevis
O: medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermusclular septa
I:both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits
N:medial plantar nerve (S2-S3)
B: medial and lateral plantar arteries and plantar arch, plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries
A: flexes lateral four digits
Abductor digiti minimi
O: lateral and medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermusclular septa
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
N: lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)
B:mediolateral plantar artery, plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries to 5th digit
A: abducts and flexes little toe
Muscle of foot: Layer 2
-Quadratus plantae and lumbricals
Quadratus plantae
O: Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
I: posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
N: lateral plantar nerve
B: medial and lateral plantar arteries and deep plantar arterial arch
A: asissts flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits
Lumbricals
O: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits
N: medial plantar nerve; lateral plantar neve
B: lateral plantar artery and plantar metatarsal arteries
A: flex proximal phalanges; extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
Muscle of foot: Layer 3
- Flexor hallicus brevis
- Adductor hallucis
- Flexor digit minimi
Flexor hallucis brevis
O:plantar surfaces of cubpid and lateral cuneiforms
I: both sides of base of proximal phalanxa and first digit
N: medial plantar (S2-S3)
B: Medial plantar artery, first plantar metatarsal artery
A: flexes proximal phalanx of first digit
Adductor hallicus
O: oblique-bases of metatarsals 2-4; transverse- plantar ligaments of metatarsalphalangeal joints
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
N: deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)
B: Medial and lateral plantar arteries and plantar arch, plantar metatarsal arteries
A: traditionally said to adduct 1st digit, assists in transverse arch of foot by metatarsals medially
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
O: base of 5th metatarsal
I: base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
N: superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve
B: Lateral plantar artery, plantar digital artery to 5th digit, arcuate artery
A: flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, assisting with its flexion
Muscles of foot: Layer 4
Plantar interossi, Dorsal interossi
Plantar interossei
O: plantar aspect of medial sides of shafts of metararsals
I: medial sides of bases of phalanges of 3rd-5th digits
N: lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)
B: Lateral plantar artery and plantar arch, plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries
A: adducts digits 3-5 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints
Dorsal interossei
O: adjacents sides of shafts of metatarsals 1-5
I: 1: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit, 2nd-4th lateral sides
N: lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)
B: Arcuate artery, dorsal and plantar metatarsal arteries
A: Abduct digits 2-4 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints
Superficial muscles of posterior leg-Calf
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- plantaris
Gastrocnemius
O: lateral head- lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur; medial head- popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
I: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
N: tibial nerve
B: Popliteal and posterior tibial arteries
A: Plantarflexes foot at ankle joint, assists in flexion of knee joint, raises heel during walking
Soleus
O: posterior aspect of head and superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula
I: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
N: tibial nerve
B: Popliteal, posterior tibial, and fibular arteries
A: Plantarflexes foot at ankle, stabilizes leg over foot
Plantaris
O:Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur, oblique popliteal ligament
I: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
N: tibial nerve
B: Popliteal artery
A: Weakly assists gastrocnemius
Deep muscles of calf
- popliteus
- flexor hallus longus
- flexor digitorium longus
- tibialis posterior
Popliteus
O: Lateral surfa ce of lateral condyle of femur and lateral menisucs
I:posterior surface of tibia and superior to soleal line
N: tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)
B: Inferior medial and lateral genicular arteries
A: Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur 5 degrees on fixed tibia; medially rotates tibia of unplanted limb
Flexor hallucis longus
O: inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula, inferior part of interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx and great toe
N: tibial nerve (S2-S3)
B: Fibular artery
A: Flexes great toe at all joints, weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports medial longitudnal arch of foot
Flexor digitorium longus
O: Medial part of posterior srface of tibia inferior to soleal line
I: Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits
N: tibial nerve ((S2-S3)
B: Fibular artery
A: Flexes lateral four digits, plantarflexes ankle, supports longitudnal arches of foot
Tibialis posterior
O: interosseous membrance, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, posterior surface of fibula
I: tuberosity of naviculas, cuneiform, cuboid, and sustentaculum tail of calcaneus, tail of calcaneus, bases of 2nd/3rd/4th metatarals
N: tibial nerve (L4, L5)
B: Fibular artery
A: plantar flexes ankle, inverts foot
