Leg & Muscle Contraction Flashcards
What ankle ligament is commonly injured and how
Anterior talofibular ligament in a low ankle sprain
Due to overinversion/supination of foot
“Always tears first”
Most common high ankle sprain
Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
Signs of lumbosacral radiculopathy
paresthesia & weakness related to specific lumbosacral spinal nerves
What is the main cause of radiculopathy and how does it occur
Intervertebral disc (nucleus pulposus) herniates posterolaterally thro annulus fibrosus due to thin posterior longitudinal ligament
The nerve above/below is affected in a herniation?
Below herniation
What tests are positive in lumbosacral radiculopathy
Straight leg raise
Contralateral straight leg raise
Reverse straight leg raise (femoral stretch)
In L3-L4 herniation, which nerve root is affected & what is the clinical findings?
L4
weakness of knee extension & decreased patellar reflex
In L4-L5 herniation, which nerve root is affected and clinical findings
L5
Weakness in dorsiflexion & heel walking
L5-S1 herniation - nerve root & clinical findings
S1
Weakness in plantarflexion & toe walking
Decreased Achilles reflex
Describe the contraction velocity, fiber colour and predominant metabolism of Type I skeletal muscle fibres
Contraction velocity: Slow
Fiber colour: Red
Predominant metabolism: Oxidative phosphorylation (sustained contraction)
“1 slow red ox”
Is the number of mitochondria, myoglobin high or low in Type I and II skeletal muscle fibres
Type I: high
Type II: low
Type of training that increases type I skeletal muscle fibers
Endurance
Type of training that increases type II skeletal muscle fibers
Weight/resistance training, sprinting
Describe the contraction velocity, fiber colour and predominant metabolism of Type II skeletal muscle fibres
Contraction velocity: fast
Fiber colour: white
Predominant metabolism: Anaerobic glycolysis
“2 fast white antelopes”
What happens to myofibrils in skeletal muscle atrophy and how
Decreases
via removal via ubiquitin-protease system
