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MSK (USMLE) > Basic skin terminology > Flashcards

Basic skin terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the layers of the skin

A

Skin has 3 layers: epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fat (hypodermis, subcutis)

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2
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep

A

“Come, Lets, Get, SunBurned”
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosim
Stratim basale
Dermis

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3
Q

What are the epithelial cell junctions

A

Tight, adherens, desmosome, hemidesmosome, gap, and integrins

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4
Q

Function and composition of tight junctions

A

Also called zonula occludens, prevents paracellular movement of solutes
Composed of claudins & occludins

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5
Q

Function of adherens junction + loss

A

Aka belt desmosome/zonula adherens, forms “belt” connecting actin cytoskeletons of adjacent cells with cadherins (Ca2+ dependent adhesion proteins)
Loss of E-cadherin promotes metastasis

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6
Q

Function and disease in loss of desmosomes

A

Aka spot desmosome/macula adherens, structural support via intermediate filament interactions
Autoantibodies to desmoglein 1 and/or 3 = pemphigus vulgaris

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7
Q

Function of gap junctions

A

Channel proteins called connexons permit electrical and chemical communication between cells

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8
Q

Function & disease hemidesmosome

A

Connects keratin in basal cells to underlying basement membrane
Autoantibodies = bullous pemphigoid

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9
Q

Function of integrins

A

Membrane proteins that maintain integrity of basolateral membrane by binding to collagen, laminin, and fibronectin in basement membrane

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10
Q

What are exocrine glands and types

A

Glands produce substances other than hormones (vs endocrine glands, which secrete hormones) that are released through ducts to the exterior of the body
Can be merocrine (eg, salivary and sweat glands), apocrine (eg, mammary glands), or holocrine (eg, sebaceous glands)

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11
Q

Characteristics and examples of a macule

A

Macroscopic, flat lesion with well-circumscribed change in skin colour < 1 cm
Ex. freckle (ephelis), labial macule

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12
Q

Characteristics and examples of a patch

A

Macule > 1 cm
Ex. large birthmark (congenital nevus)

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13
Q

Characteristics and examples a papule

A

Elevated solid skin lesion < 1 cm
Ex. Mole (nevus), acne

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14
Q

Characteristics and examples of plaques

A

Papule > 1 cm
Ex. Psoriasis

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15
Q

Characteristics and examples of vesicles

A

Small fluid-containing blister < 1 cm
Ex. Chickenpox (varicella), shingles (zoster)

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16
Q

Characteristics and examples of bullas

A

Large fluid containing blister > 1 cm
Ex. Bullous pemphigoid

17
Q

Characteristics and examples of pustules

A

Vesicle containing pus
Ex. Pustular psoriasis

18
Q

Characteristics and examples of wheal

A

Transient smooth papule/plaque
Ex. Hives (uriticaria)

19
Q

Characteristics and examples of scale

A

Flaking off of stratum corneum
Ex. Eczema, psorasis, SCC

20
Q

Characteristics and examples of crusts

A

Dry exudate
Ex. Impetigo

21
Q

Characteristics and examples of dyskeratosis

A

Microscopic, abnormal premature keratinization
Ex. squamous cell carcinoma

22
Q

Characteristics and examples of hyperkeratosis

A

Increased thickness of stratum corneum
Ex. psoriasis, calluses

23
Q

Characteristics and examples of parakeratosis

A

Retention of nuclei in stratum corneum
Ex. psoriasis, actinic keratosis

24
Q

Characteristics and examples of hypergranulosis

A

Increased thickness of stratum granulosum
Ex. Lichen planus

25
Q

Characteristics and examples of spongiosis

A

Epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces
Ex. Eczematous dermatitis

26
Q

Characteristics and examples of acanthylosis

A

Separation of epidermal cells
Ex. Pemphigus vulgaris

27
Q

Characteristics and examples of acanthosis

A

Epidermal hyperplasia (increased spinosum)
Ex. acanthosis nigricans, psoriasis

MSK (USMLE) (16 decks)

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