Leg Lecture 12

Question 1

Describe innervation and vascularization of anterior compartment?

Answer 1

Deep fibular nerve, dorsiflexors of foot and toes

Question 2

Describe innervation and vascularization of posterior compartment?

Answer 2

Tibial nerve, plantar flexors of foot and toes

Question 3

Describe innervation and vascularization of lateral compartment?

Answer 3

Superficial fibular nerve, elevators of foot

Question 4

Describe relationship of crural fascia to tibial attachments and to retinacula of foot?

Answer 4

Crural fascia is continuous with the fascia latae attaches to anterior and medial borders of tibia continuous with periosteum, leaves bare area. Fascia continues into retinacula of foot, which allows tendons to form underneath the bands.

Question 5

Describe cutaneous innervation of posterior superficial surface.

Answer 5

Lateral sural cutaneous nerve from common fibular nerve
Medial sural cutaneous from the tibial nerve
Sural nerve runs with lesser saphenous vein

Question 6

Describe blood supply to superficial posterior compartment.

Answer 6

Posterior tibial artery: largest branch of popliteal artery, divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries

Fibular artery: most important branch of posterior tibial artery, lateral compartment and popliteus mm and other post. compartment mm

Question 7

Superficial posterior compartment muscles?

Answer 7

Gastrocnemius (medial and lateral head)
Plantaris
Soleus
Tendon Calcaneus

Question 8

Gastrocnemius?

Answer 8

Two heads form inferior boundaries of popliteal fossa, crosses knee and ankle joint. Lateral head may have fabella, a sesamoid bone.

Tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery, fibular artery

Question 9

Plantaris?

Answer 9

Superficial posterior compartment, may be absent and tendon can be used for upper extremity surgery. No function.

Tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery, and fibular artery

Question 10

Soleus?

Answer 10

Broad multipennate mm, unijoint.

Tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery, fibular artery

Question 11

Triceps surae?

Answer 11

Soleus + two heads of gastrocnemius

Tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery, fibular artery

Question 12

Deep posterior compartment muscles?

Answer 12

Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Peroneus longus
Flexor digitorum longus
PEroneus brevis
Flexor hallucis longus

Question 13

Popliteus?

Answer 13

Lies in floor of popliteal fossa, rotates and flexes knee

Tibial nerve and artery

Question 14

Flexor Hallucis Longus?

Answer 14

Tendon occupies groove on posterior surface of talus, continuous with groove on plantar surface of sustentaculum tali.

Walking jumping running, tendon passes betweeen two sesamoid bones, Tibial nerve and artery

Question 15

Tibialis posterior?

Answer 15

Functions in plantar flexion and foot inversion helps maintain medial arch
Tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery

Question 16

What nerve supplies all posterior compartments?

Answer 16

Tibial nerve

Question 17

Poplietus action innervation and supply?

Answer 17

Lies in floor of popliteal fossa and flexes and rotates knee supplied by tibialis nerve and posterior tibial artery

Question 18

Flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 18

Tendon passes posterior to medial malleolus and to tendon of tibialis posterior. Plantar flexes foot at ankle.
Tibialis nerve and posterior tibial artery

Question 19

Flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 19

Tendon passes posterior to medial malleolus and between two sesamoid bones. Push off muscle for walking jumping and running

Question 20

Tibialis Posterior?

Answer 20

Functions in plantar flexion and foot inversion helps maintain medial longitudinal arch

Question 21

What are the deep posterior compartment muscles?

Answer 21

Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Peroneus longus and brevis
Popliteus

Question 22

What artery and nerve supply the deep posterior compartment?

Answer 22

TIbialis nerve and posterior tibial artery

Question 23

Anterior compartment muscles?

Answer 23

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius
Extensor hallicus longus

Fibular nerve (L5-S1 all mm except ant. tib)and tibial artery

Question 24

Anterior compartment muscles general function, innervation and blood supply?

Answer 24

Toe extension and ankle dorsiflexion
Deep peroneal nerve
Anterior tibial artery

Question 25

Paralysis of what muscle results in foot drop?

Answer 25

Tibialis anterior, dorsiflexion is paralyzed

Question 26

Tibialis anterior muscles?

Answer 26

Lateral to crest of tibia, dorsiflexion and inversion L4-L5

Question 27

Extensor digitorum longus?

Answer 27

Four tendons of insertion each one inserts onto extensor expansion similar to hand. Function is toe extension at MTP and dorsiflexion

Question 28

Peroneus tertius?

Answer 28

Part of extensor digitorum longus, may or may not have, foot dorsiflexion and eversion

Question 29

Extensor hallicus longus?

Answer 29

comes off fibula and interosseous membrane and extends the big toe

Question 30

Where does the anterior tibial artery come from?

Answer 30

Smaller terminal branch of popliteal artery that begins at the inferior border of popliteal mm. Becomes dorsalis pedis artery at ankle.

Question 31

Lateral compartment muscles?

Answer 31

Fibularis longus

FIbularis brevis

Question 32

Lateral compartment muscles nerve and blood supply?

Answer 32

Superficial fibular nerve and branches of the posterior tibial artery

Question 33

Fibularis longus?

Answer 33

More superficial of two lateral compartment muscles. Easily palpated and tendon uses lateral malleolus as a pulley. Tendon crosses sole of foot and inserts on first metatarsus and cuneiform, maintains longitudinal and transverse arches.

Question 34

Fibularis Brevis?

Answer 34

Deep to fibularis longus, inserts on lateral tuberosity and functions in plantar flexion and foot eversion