Ankle Lecture 13 Test II

Question 1

What are the subdivisions of the foot complex?

Answer 1

Hindfoot: calcaneus talus
Midfoot: navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms
Forefoot: metatarsals and phalanges

Question 2

Bones of ankle and foot complex?

Answer 2

Lateral side: Calcaneus, talus, cuboid fifth metatarsal

Medial side: Sesamoid bone, first metatarsal, medial cuneiform, navicular, talus, calcaneus

Question 3

Describe superior tibiofibular articulations in relation to the articulation, joint type, major ligament, location, and function as a stabilizer.

Answer 3

Superior tibiofibular joint is a synovial plane with a joint capsule. Loose joint allowing fibula to have motion. Ligament is the anteriosuperior tibiofibular ligament

Question 4

Define ankle mortise and tendon and what bony structures are involved?

Answer 4

Mortise includes lateral malleolus and medial malleolus and distal end of fibula. The tendon is the head of talus, it is a synnovial hinge joint. Very strong joint holds ankle together.

Question 5

Describe ankle joint in relation to articulation type of joint axis and possible movements.

Answer 5

Most congruent joint in the body, aka talotibial joint (talocrural).
Dorsiflexion, plantarflexion movement occurs in sagittal plane

Question 6

Describe subtalar joint in relation to articulation, joint type, and tarsal tunnel.

Answer 6

AKA Talocalcaneal joint
Very stable, uniaxial triplanar
The tarsal tunnel is nonsynovial and the ligament that runs through it is talocalcaneal ligament which holds ankle to food

Question 7

What is the name and location of the major ligament and its function of the subtalar joint?

Answer 7

Crural tibiofibular interosseous ligament
deltoid ligament
calcaneofibular ligament
interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

Question 8

Describe talocaneonavicular joint articulation, joint type?

Answer 8

Talocalcaneal joint + Talonavicular joint. Movements are inversion a close packed movement, and eversion. Eversion is not closed packed and less stable.

Question 9

What is the major ligament and its attachements and functions of the talocalcaneonavicular joint?

Answer 9

Calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament from sustentaculum tali to inferior navicular bone. It continues medially with deltoid ligament and is continuous laterally with bifucate ligament. Maintains medial arch.

Question 10

Sustentacular Tali?

Answer 10

Supports talus found on the calcaneus, a ligament attached to this supports the head of the talus, “spring” in the foot.

Question 11

Inferior tibiofibular joint articulation, joint type, and major ligaments?

Answer 11

Inferior is a syndesmosis joint and it includes the posterior tibiofibular ligament, anterior tibiofibular ligament and crural tibiofibular interosseous ligament.

Question 12

What are the composite movements of inversion?

Answer 12

Talocalcaneal (subtalar) joint allows for these movements.

Inversion includes adduction (vertical axis) supination (longitudian axis)and plantarflexion (coronal axis)

Question 13

What is the tarsal element that functionally bridges the proximal and distal joints of foot?

Answer 13

Transverse tarsal joint

Question 14

Why is the foot stable in dorsiflexion but not plantar flexion?

Answer 14

Dorsiflexion is an increase in toes out and plantar flexion is a decrease in toe out.

Question 15

Name and describe main support for medial longitudinal arch.

Answer 15

Spring ligament (calcaneonavicular)

Question 16

What is the main support for lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 16

Long plantar ligament and Fibularis longus tendon

Question 17

Medial collateral ligament components?

Answer 17

AKA Deltoid ligament. Strongest ankle ligament.

Made up of tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, anterior tibiotalar, and postrior tibiotalar ligaments.

Question 18

Lateral collateral ligament componenets?

Answer 18

Posterior talofibular Ligament (PTFL),
Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
Calcaneofibular Ligament (CFL)
*Weaker of the collaterals

Question 19

What are the three surfaces of the Talocalcaneal (subtalar) joint?

Answer 19

Posterior: concave facet on talus with convex on calcaneus

Anterior: convex facet on body and neck of talus AND concave on calcaneus

Question 20

Componenets of eversion?

Answer 20

Eversion is abduction (vertical axis) pronation (longitudinal axis) and dorsiflexion (coronal axis)

Question 21

Calcaneocuboid joint?

Answer 21

Calcaneus and Cuboid articualtion. Its triplanar and ligaments are the plantar calcaneocuboid (short cuboid) and Long plantar ligament (important as arch support)

Question 22

Transverse tarsal joint?

Answer 22

Talonavicular + Calcaneocuboid
Function is to link hindfoot and forefoot adds to inversion/eversion range and compensates forefoot for hindfoot eversion.

Question 23

How does the transverse tarsal joint compensate for hinfoot eversion?

Answer 23

Keeps distal foot inverted with lateral surface in contact with ground while hindfoot is everted.

Compensation is not possible when hindfoot is inverted.

Question 24

Describe the Superior/Inferior Extensor Retinacula?

Answer 24

They are localized thickenings of anterior crural fascia.

It binds down tendons of Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Hallicus Longus, Extensor Digitorum Longus, and Peroneus Tertius.

Covers deep fibular nerve and anterior tibial artery.
Inferior is Y shaped.

Question 25

What does the flexor retinaculum bind down and cover?

Answer 25

Flexor Hallicus Longus, Flexor Digitorum Longus, TIbialis Posterior

Covers tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery

Localized medial thickening of crural fasica

Question 26

FIbular retinaculum?

Answer 26

Localized medial thickening of lateral deep fascia. Binds down Fibularis longus and Fibularis Brevis