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MSK II > Leg & Knee Joint > Flashcards

Leg & Knee Joint Flashcards

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30
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______ - attachment site of the anterior cruciate ligament on the superior head of the tiba

A

Anterior intercondylar area

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31
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_____ -attachment site of the posterior cruciate ligament on the superior side of the tibia

A

Posterior intercondylar area

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32
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nLargest synovial joint in the body; weak mechanical joint

A

knee joint

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33
Q

knee joint has a strong fibrous capsule that is strengthened and supported by several external ligaments… the two most important are the

A
  1. Lateral (Fibular) collateral ligament (LCL)
  2. Medial (Tibial) collateral ligament (MCL)
34
Q

___ and ____ join the femur and tibia and provide knee stability

A
  1. Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL)
  2. Posterior Cruciate ligament (PCL)
35
Q

____ is slightly relaxed when knee is flexed- tight when the knee is fully extended

A

Anterior Cruciate (ACL)

36
Q

ACL prevents the femur from …. and the ACL prevents posterior/anterior displacement of the tibia

A

sliding posterior on the tibia and helps prevent knee hyperextension; anterior

37
Q

ACL ruptures are quite common (10X more common than PCL ruptures) typically occur in sports related injuries when the knee is ____ and ___

A

extended and over-rotated

38
Q

“unhappy triad”

A

ACL injuries occur in conjunction with tears of the medial meniscus and the MCL

39
Q

Disruption of the ACL allows the tibia to be manually displaced anteriorly on the femur- referred to as the ____

A

“anterior drawer sign”

40
Q

Posterior Cruciate (PCL)- tightens during knee

A

flexion

41
Q

PCL prevents the femur from sliding anterior/posterior on the tibia and prevents anterior/posterior displacement of the tibia

A

anterior/posterior

42
Q

Crescent shaped fibrocartilagenous plates on the superior articular surface of the tibia

Act like shock absorbers and help deepen the joint cavity

Commonly injured during torsional (twisting) knee injuries

A

Menisci of the Knee Joint

43
Q

why are the mensci difficult to heal?

A

Menisci have limited blood supply and heal poorly when injured- often require surgical repair/removal of injured region

44
Q

which mensci is more mobile, smaller and nearly circular?

A

lateral meniscus

45
Q

Common fibular nerve divides into two branches:

A
  1. Superficial fibular nerve which innervates the lateral compartment of the leg
  2. Deep fibular nerve which innervates the anterior compartment muscles
46
Q

Anterior compartment- all muscles are innervated by the ____

A

deep fibular nerve

47
Q

Lateral compartment- all muscles are innervated by the ______

A

superficial fibular nerve

48
Q

Two Posterior compartments (superficial and a deep)- all muscles are innervated by _____

A

tibial nerve

49
Q

how many compartments are there in the lower leg?

A

4 lateral, anterior, deep and superficial posterior

50
Q

superficial posterior group muscles and function

A
  1. gastrocnemius
  2. soleus
  3. plantaris

plantarflexors of the ankle joint (move down)

51
Q

gastrocnemius and soleus muscle fibers?

A

soleus - slow red oxidative

gastronemius- fast white tiwch muscles

52
Q

tibial nerve roots

A

S1 and S2

53
Q

deep posterior group muscles and function

A
  1. popliteus
  2. flexor hallucis longus
  3. flexor digitoum longus
  4. tibialis posterior

plantarflex the ankle

flex the toes

invert the foot

54
Q

Tendons of these 3 muscles (Tibialis posterior, flexor Digitorium longus, and flexor hallucis longus) pass into the foot via the ____

A

tarsal tunnel

55
Q

____ enters the foot via the tarsal tunnel and terminates as the medial & lateral plantar nerves in the foot

A

Tibial nerve

56
Q

Popliteal artery gives rise to several _____ which vascularize the knee joint

A

genicular arteries

57
Q

components of Tarsal Tunnel medial to lateral

A

Tibialis Posterior Tendon

Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendon

Posterior Tibial Artery and Tibial Nerve

Flexor Hallucis Longus

58
Q

Common Fibular
Nerve divides into

A
  1. Superficial fibular nerve-innervates lateral compartment…then sensory to dorsum of the foot
  2. Deep fibular nerve- innervates anterior compartment…then sensory between big toe and 2nd toe
59
Q

Superficial fibular nerve-innervates

A

lateral compartment…then sensory to dorsum of the foot

60
Q

Deep fibular nerve- innervates

A

anterior compartment…then sensory between big toe and 2nd toe

61
Q

lateral compartment muscles and function

A

fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

evertors of the foot

62
Q

____ its tendon passes through the groove in the cuboid and inserts into the medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal base

A

Fibularis longus muscle

63
Q

____ its tendon inserts into the base of the 5th metatarsal

A

Fibularis brevis muscle

64
Q

roots of superfical fibular nerve

A

nBoth innervated by L5 & S1 of the superficial fibular nerve

65
Q

anterior compartment muscles and function

A

dorsiflexors “toes to the sky”

  1. tibialis anterior
  2. extensor digitorum longus
  3. extensor hallucis longus
  4. fibularis tertius
66
Q

_____- extends the hallux (big toe)

A

Extensor hallucis longus

67
Q

______ extends digits (inserts into extensor expansion on toes)

A

Extensor digitorum longus

68
Q

deep fibular nerve roots

A

L4, L5 & S1

69
Q

Drop foot occurs when muscles in the ____ compartment of the leg become weakened or paralyzed

A

anterior

70
Q

This condition can result from trauma or injury to the common fibular nerve or the deep fibular nerve or (disc herniation that affects L4/L5 nerve roots)

These patients compensate with a “steppage gait”- hyperflexion of the hip to raise the foot/leg during the swing phase of gait

A

drop foot

71
Q

Diminished pulses can often times indicate

A

nocclusive vascular disease in more proximal vessels (popliteal, femoral, iliac)

or

Anterior compartment syndrome occurs when swelling (from trauma, overuse) compresses neurovascular structures within the compartment causing:

diminished or absent dorsalis pedis pulse

pain

Extreme pain of the anterior compartment muscles

72
Q

Hinge type synovial join

A

ankle joint

73
Q

Trochlea of talus is wider anteriorly/posteriorly

Hence-ankle is more stable in a dorsiflexed/plantarflexed position vs. a dorsiflexed/plantarflexed position

A

anteriorly; dorsiflexed than plantarflexed

74
Q

the most important ligament Strengthening the lateral aspect of the joint- stabilize ankle during inversion

A

Anterior Talofibular

75
Q

Stronger than the lateral ligaments

All arise from the medial malleolus

Stabilize ankle during eversion

A

deltoid ligaments

76
Q

___ most commonly injured ankle ligament

A

Anterior Talofibular ligament

77
Q

____ is easily damaged as it winds about the head of the fibula

A

Common fibular nerve

78
Q

____ can compress underlying neurovasculature

A

Compartment syndromes

79
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A
80
Q
A

MSK II (5 decks)

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