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Block 4; Week 4 > Leg & Foot-Sievert > Flashcards

Leg & Foot-Sievert Flashcards

1
Q

The anterior articular surface of the ankle is used to house what structure? What is an interesting feature of this surface?

A

meant for the trochlea of the talus

wider anteriorly than posteriorly

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2
Q

What is the function of the interosseous membrane in the forearm v. the leg?

A

In the forearm:
it is meant to transfer force from the radius to the ulna b/c the main weight bearing portion of the wrist is the radiocarpal jt & the main weigh bearing portion of the elbow is the ulnohumeral jt. Thus, its fibers run accordingly, inferomedially.
In the leg:
it doesn’t need to transfer force b/c the main weight bearing part of the entire leg is the tibia. Thus, its fibers don’t run the same way as in the forearm. It just keeps the bones together.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the fibula? What is the purpose of the anterior & posterior tibiofibular ligaments?

A

fibula: helps the ankle & serves as an attachment site for muscles.
ligaments hold the tibia & fibula together.

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4
Q

The lateral malleolus belongs to which bone? Medial malleolus?

A

Medial Malleolus: tibia

Lateral Malleolus: fibula

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5
Q

Muscles that pass anterior to the medial or lateral malleolus accomplish which action? How about muscles that pass posterior?

A

Anterior to the Malleolus: dorsiflexors

Posterior to the Malleolus: Plantar flexors

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6
Q

How many fascial compartments does the leg have? What are they called?

A 
4
Anterior
Lateral
Posterior Deep
Posterior Superficial
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7
Q

T/F The lateral compartment of the leg is the only one susceptible to compartment syndrome.

A

False. The anterior compartment is the most susceptible b/c it is the tightest compartment & sandwiched b/w 2 bones. But any of the compartments could experience this syndrome.

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8
Q

Dorsiflexion of the foot can also be called what?

A

extension of the foot

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9
Q

Both of the neurovascular bundles in the posterior deep compartment come from _______.

A

the tibfib trunk

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10
Q

What do you find in the posterior superficial compartment?

A

Gastrocnemius (lateral & medial belly)
Soleus
Plantaris tendon

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11
Q

What do you find in the lateral compartment?

A

fiburalis longus muscle

fiburalis brevis muscle

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12
Q

What do you find in the anterior compartment?

A

tibialis anterior muscle
extensor digitorum longus muscle
extensor hallucis longus muscle

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13
Q

What do you find in the posterior deep compartment?

A

tibialis posterior muscle
flexor digitorum longus muscle
flexor hallucis longus muscle
popliteus

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14
Q

What is found in the neurovascular bundle of the anterior compartment?

A

anterior tibial artery
anterior tibial veins
deep fibular nerve

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15
Q

What is found in the neurovascular bundles of the posterior deep compartment?

A 
fibular artery
fibular veins
-----
posterior tibial artery
posterior tibial veins
tibial nerve
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16
Q

Which leg muscle makes up the popliteal fossa?

A

gastrocnemius

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17
Q

Which of the posterior compartment muscles cross 2 joints? Which cross 1 jt?

A

gastrocnemius crosses 2 joints
the soleus crosses 1 joint
plantaris crosses 1 jt

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18
Q

What is the action of the posterior compartment muscles? What does the gastrocnemius do in addition to this?

A

posterior compartment muscles: plantar flexion

gastocnemius: plantar flexion & knee flexion

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19
Q

What is the action of the posterior deep compartment muscles? Do they pass anterior/posterior to the lateral/medial malleolus?

A

plantar flexion

posterior to the medial malleolus

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20
Q

If your knee is flexed, can your gastrocnemius plantar flex?

A

No. But your soleus takes over.

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21
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus starts medial/lateral & goes medial/lateral.
Flexor Digitorum Longus starts medial/lateral & goes medial/lateral.

A

Flexor Hallucis Longus: starts lateral & goes medial.

Flexor Digitorum Longus starts medial & goes lateral.

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22
Q

What does the popliteus do? Which compartment is it a part of?

A

It unlocks the knee joint.

the posterior deep compartment

23
Q

How do most sprains happen?

A

inversion of the foot, jump & land this way

24
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment? What are their actions?

A

tibialis anterior: dorsiflexion & inversion
extensor hallucis longus: dorsiflexion
extensor digitorum longus: dorsiflexion
fibularis tertius

25
Q

Why is the tibialis anterior positioned such that it would be a good inverter?

A

b/c it passes anterior to the medial malleolus

the other anterior compartment muscles kinda just come straight down

26
Q

What’s the deal with the fibularis tertius?

A

this attaches to the base of the 5th metatarsal
this is often torn in an inversion sprain & can tear off the base of the metatarsal.
it comes off of the extensor hallucis longus

27
Q

Which of the anterior compartment muscles is the deepest?

A

the extensor hallucis longus

28
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment? What is their action? Why does this make sense?

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
**plantar flexion & eversion
they pass posterior to the lateral malleolus–>thus makes sense.

29
Q

Which muscles contribute tendons to the sling under the foot @ the 1st metatarsal?

A

fibularis longus: swings to medial side once underneath the foot
tibialis anterior: swings medial as it descends

30
Q

Describe in detail the blood supply to the leg.

A

the superficial femoral artery goes thru the adductor hiatus & becomes the popliteal artery. this branches into the tibfib trunk & the anterior tibial artery. The anterior tibial artery dives thru the interosseus membrane into the anterior compartment. It gives off the dorsal pedis artery in the foot. The tibfib trunk splits into the fibular artery & the posterior tibial artery (that goes behind the medial malleolus). The fibular artery goes lateral. the posterior tibial artery becomes the medial & lateral plantar arteries that make up the plantar arch. This connects in with the perforating branch of the dorsal pedis artery.

31
Q

T/F The fibular artery contributes to the plantar arch.

A

False.

32
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the lateral compartment.

A

Fibular artery contributes to the posterior & lateral (thru perforating branches) compartments. Anterior tibial artery contributes to the anterior & lateral (thru perforating branches) compartments.

33
Q

What are the different retinacula?

A

superior extensor retinaculum
inferior extensor retinaculum
peroneal retinacula
flexor retinaculum

34
Q

What does the flexor retinaculum hold?

A

deep posterior compartment muscles.

35
Q

What are the dorsal intrinsic foot muscles?

A

extensor hallucis brevis
extensor digitorum brevis
**attach to the extensor hoods

36
Q

What is the innervation of the dorsal intrinsic foot muscles?

A

deep fibular nerve

37
Q

Aside from innervating the dorsal intrinsic foot muscles & the anterior compartment of the leg, what else does the deep fibular nerve innervate?

A

the cutaneous spot b/w the big toe & the second toe. Called the flip flop spot.

38
Q

Most of the cutaneous innervation to the dorsum of the foot comes from what?

A

from the superficial fibular nerve

39
Q

Which plantar artery is mainly responsible for the plantar arch?

A

the lateral plantar artery

40
Q

Where is the best place to feel the pedal pulse?

A

b/w the tendon of the tibialis anterior muscle & the tendon of the extensor hallucis longus tendon.

41
Q

What takes care of the cutaneous innervation to the dorsal toes?

A

the medial & lateral cutaneous plantar nerves

42
Q

What takes care of the cutaneous innervation for the lateral aspect of the dorsal foot?

A

the lateral dorsal cutaneous branch of the sural nerve

43
Q

What takes care of the cutaneous innervation to the lateral aspect of the upper leg?

A

lateral sural cutaneous nerve.

44
Q

What is the first layer of intrinsic plantar foot muscles?

A

flexor digitorum brevis
abductor hallucis
abductor digiti minimi

45
Q

What is the second layer of the intrinsic plantar foot muscles?

A

lumbricals

flexor accessorius

46
Q

What is the third layer of the intrinsic plantar foot muscles?

A

adductor hallucis transverse head & oblique head
flexor hallucis brevis
flexor digiti minimi brevis

47
Q

What is the fourth layer of the intrinsic plantar foot muscles?

A 
interossei
dorsal (4) **the second toe has 2 interossei. Bipenate
plantar (3) unipenate (3rd, 4th, & 5th digits)
48
Q

What is the functional midline of the foot?

A

the second toe

49
Q

T/F There are opponents in the feet as there are in the hands.

A

False. You can’t touch your big toe to your little toe.

50
Q

What are the big toe muscles of the foot? What are the little toe muscles of the foot?

A

Big toe muscles: flexor hallucis brevis, abductor hallucis

Little toe muscles: flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi

51
Q

What are 2 important things that attach to the flexor digitorum longus tendon?

A

the flexor accessorius & the lumbricals

52
Q

Which nerve does the lateral plantar nerve mimic? What does it innervate?

A

mimics the ulnar nerve

ALL intrinsic muscles EXCEPT the things the medial plantar nerve innervates

53
Q

Which nerve does the medial plantar nerve mimic? What does it innervate?

A 
mimics the median nerve
EXCEPTIONs to the ulnar nerve.
thenar equivalents: flexor hallucis brevis, abductor hallucis
the lumbrical to the big toe
flexor digitorum brevis
54
Q

Describe the cutaneous innervation to the plantar aspect of the foot.

A

Heel: tibial
medial side: saphenous
lateral side: rural
median nerve equivalent: medial plantar nerve
ulnar nerve equivalent: lateral plantar nerve

Block 4; Week 4 (8 decks)

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