Leg & Foot Flashcards
Fovea capitus of femur
On head
Artery enters through here to femur. Also attachment for round ligament.
Head of femur
Articulates with acetabulum of coxal bone
Lesser trochanter
Medial aspect of femur, proximal end, just inferior to intertrochanteric line Muscle attachment (iliopsoas) Palpate with client supine, figure 4,
Greater trochanter
Proximal lateral aspect of femur Muscle attachment (lot of rotators) Palpate iliac crest, then wing, and continue inferiorly
Intertrochanteric line
Anterior femur.
Joins greater and lesser trochanters
Ligament attachment
Intertrochanteric crest
Posterior femur, lateral to neck
Joins greater and lesser trochanters
Quadrate tubercle
On intertrochanteric crest of femur Muscle attachment (quadratus femorus -- lateral rotator)
Trochanteric fossa
Posterior femur, just medial to intertrochanteric crest Muscle attachment (obiturator externus)
Gluteal tuberosity
Posterior femur, distal to greater trochanter.
Connects superiorly to the lateral lip of linea aspera
Glute attachment
Patient prone. Check with hip extension with knee flexed.
Linea aspera
Two parts, connecting and dissociating like an X along posterior aspect of femur
Medial and lateral lip
Muscle attachment
Pectineal line
Intermediate lip of linea aspera
Muscle attachment
Spiral line of the femur
Posterior aspect, continuous with intertrochanteric line
Converges with Pectineal line to form medial lip of linea aspera
Supracondylar ridges of the femur
Muscle attachments (medial: vmo. Lateral: plantaris)
Adductor tubercle
Muscle attachment
Located on top of medial epicondyle
Patellar surface
Anterior distal femur
Articular surface for patella
Trochlear groove
Groove on anterior distal surface of femur, where patella sits.
Intercondylar fossa
Posterior femur
Ligament attachment for tibialfemoral joint
Intercondylar notch
Posterior distal femur
Creates borders of intercondylar fossa
Condyles of the femur
Joint surface for tibialfemoral joint. Distal end of femur.
Medial condyle longer.
Articulate through menisci with lateral and medial Condyles of tibia.
Palpate with knees bent to ninety. Found just medial and lateral to medial and lateral borders of patella.
Epicondyles of the femur
Distal end of femur, somewhat to the side Distal to supra condylar ridge. Adductor tubercle on medial condyle Ligament attachment in lateral Palpate distal to supracondylar ridge
Base of patella
Superior border.
Quadriceps (patellar) tendon attachment
Apex of patella
Inferior aspect
Attachment for patellar ligament
What do the acetabularfemoral and glenohumeral joints rely on for stability?
Joint capsule
Articular surface
Ligaments
GHJ to a lesser degree; also requires rotator cuff muscles
What are the patellar facets?
Lateral (thumb)
Medial
Odd
Condyles of the femur
Superior articulating surfaces
Palpate by coming inferior to medial and lateral femoral condyles.
For articulating surfaces, come to inferior aspect of tibiofemoral joint and DTMF.
Tibial tuberosity
On proximal anterior surface of tibia.
Attachment for patellar ligament
Palpate distal from inferior aspect of patella
Fibular facet
On tibia, inferior on lateral condyle
Articulating surface for head of fibula
Intercondylar eminence
Tibia. In between medial and lateral facets
Attachment of ligaments and menisci
Anterior and posterior intercondylar areas
Tibia. Broad depressed areas between condyles.
Attachment of cruciate ligaments.
Pes anserine
Proximal medial surface of tibia
Inferior aspect of medial condyle
Muscle attachment (sartorius, gracilis, semitend)
Palpate tibial tuberosity, then shift slightly inferior and medial
Oblique line
Lateral anterior surface of tibia
Connects condyle to tibial tuberosity
Gerdy’s tubercle
Tibia. Anterior surface of lateral condyle
IT band attachment
Palpate laterally and slightly superior to tibial tuberosity.
Fibular notch
Tibia. Articulation at inferior tibfib joint
Horizontal groove for semimembranosus
Posterior tibia, superior end, medial side.
Just inferior to medial facet.
Soleal line
Tibia. Posterior aspect, superior 1/2, runs oblique.
Attachment for soleus
Medial malleolus
Ankle bone. Ligament and tendon attachment.
Palpate medial surface distal to medial ankle
Medial malleolar Articular surface
Joint surface for talocrural joint
Medial
Inferior Articular surface (tibia)
Distal surface of tibia. Articulates in talocrural joint
Grooves for Tom, Dick & Harry
(Medial-->Lateral) post Tibialis flexor Digitorum longus flexor Hallicus longus Palpate posterior medial malleolus
Head of the fibula
Muscle attachment (biceps femoris) Facet for articulation with tibia Palpate lateral epicondyle of femur, travel distally, inferior to tibfib joint line. Or lateral from Tib tuberosity and Gerdy's
Apex of fibula
Above the head, ligament attachment
Palpate to “superiorest” bit of head
Lateral malleolus
Ankle bone
Ligament attachment
Fossa of lateral malleolus
Thumb fossa!
Posterior, distal end of fibula
Ligament attachment.
Palpate the back of malleolus
Groove for fibularus longus tendon
Lateral fibula
Calcaneus
Short, irregular bone
Forms heel of foot
Strongest bone in foot
Forms inferior part of tarsal sinus
Peroneal trochlea/tubercle
Calcaneus, lateral side
Fib longus and brevis tendons run under it
Palpate lateral malleolus. Foot in neutral, palpate inferior to trochlea
Sustenaculum tali
Projection on inferior of calcaneus
Ligament attachment
Palpate distally from medial malleolus
Calcaneal tuberosity
Attachment of Achilles’ tendon and plantar fascia
Posterior/inferior
Muscle attachment on medial and lateral processes (plantar)
Calcaneal sulcus
Superior surface, makes up 1/2 of tarsal sinus
Posterior to the anterior facet and facet for cuboid; lateral to medial facet
Facets on calcaneus
Anterior, middle and posterior for articulating with talus
And another one for cuboid
Superior aspect
Groove for flexor hallucis longus tendon
Calcaneus. Inferior side of sustentaculum tali
Groove for fibularis longus tendon
Calcaneus
Lateral aspect, distal to peroneal trochlea
Talus
Short, rhombus shaped
Articular surfaces of the talus
For navicula, tibia (trochlea : med/lat Tib), calcaneus (ant/mid/post facets)
Talar sulcus
Forms top 1/2 of tarsal sinus
Inferior aspect if neck
Trochlea of talus
Superior surface. Joint surface for talocrural joint
Palpate head. Keep fingers where they are and plantarflex foot.
Posterior process of tuberosity (calcaneus)
Medial tubercle: ligament attachment. Palpate 45 degrees posteriorly off medial malleolus
Groove for flexor hallucis longus
Lateral tubercle: ligament attachment.
Navicular
Short, flattened oval bone
At apex of medial longitudinal arch
Facets: joint surface for cuboid, cuneiforms and talus
Palpate by finding medial cuneiform and coming proximal to joint line
Navicular tuberosity
Post Tib attachment. Medial plantar side.
Palpate sustentaculum tali, then move anteriorly until you feel bump.
Cuneiforms
Wedge shaped short bones
Help form transverse arch of foot
Medial tuberosity: plantar surface. Ant Tib and fib long attachment
Palpate proximal to the 1st (medial), 2nd (intermediate) or 3rd (lateral) tarsometatarsal
Cuboid
Short and cube shaped
Ligament attachment dorsal and plantar (tuberosity)
Palpate 4th and 5th metatarsal prox to TMT joint line. Or palpate proximal to styloid of 5th metatarsal.
Peroneal/Fibular Sulcus/Groove
Cuboid. Distal to tuberosity. Track for fib long tendon to run along on way to medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal.
Palpate plantar surface of cuboid bone
Metatarsals
Each has base, body, head.
5th has styloid process (big ass bump on lateral side of foot). Fib brev attachment
1st has two sesamoid bones, on the plantar surface at the head
Foot phalanges
1st toe (hallux) has proximal and distal phalanx
2-5 have prox/middle/distal
Each has base/body/head
