Intro

Question 0

What is osteology?

Answer 0

The study of bones, their pathologies and treatments.

Question 1

List the six main functions of bones.

Answer 1

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Locomotion
4. Mineral storage
5. Fat cell storage
6. Hemopoesis

Question 2

What are bones composed of?

Answer 2

1) Organic material: cells (osteoprogenitors, osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts) and collagen fibres
2) Minerals (hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate)

Question 3

What is homeostasis?

Answer 3

The tendency of the body’s internal environment to remain relatively constant.

Question 4

How does bone homeostasis occur?

Answer 4

Through bone remodelling, which involves bone reabsorption (osteoclasts) and bone deposition (osteoblasts).

Question 5

What are the types of bones? Give examples

Answer 5

Long bone (femur)
Short bone (carpal)
Irregular bone (vertebra)
Flat bone (sternum)
Sesamoid bone (patella)
Sutural/Wormion bone (cranial suture)

Question 6

Diaphysis

Answer 6

Shaft of long bone

Question 7

Epiphysis

Answer 7

Distal and proximal end of long bone

Question 8

Metaphysis

Answer 8

Area between diaphysis and epiphysis. Where growth occurs. In the young: epiphyseal growth plates; in adults: epiphyseal line.

Question 9

Endosteum

Answer 9

The membrane lining the inner bone, surrounding the medullary cavity.

Question 10

Medullary cavity

Answer 10

Space within diaphysis.

Question 11

Periosteum

Answer 11

The fibrous coating surrounding the bone. Ligaments and tendons attach to it.

Question 12

Articular/hyaline cartilage

Answer 12

Coves the joint surface (epiphysis). Facilitates movement by reducing friction and absorbing shock.

Question 13

What are the bones of the axial skeleton?

Answer 13

Skull
Hyoid
Ribs
Sternum
Vertebra

Question 14

What composes the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 14

Upper limbs
Lower limbs
Shoulder girdle
Pelvic structure