Leg Anatomy Flashcards
The cutaneous dermatomes that travel to the leg are predominantly from what plexuses?
The lumbar and sacral plexuses.
What nerve levels compose the saphenous nerve?
L3 and L4
What area of the leg does the sapheous nerve supply?
The saphenous nerve supplies the skin on the medial side of the leg.
What do the sural nerves innervate in the leg?
The sural nerves innervate the calf
What nerves join to form the sural nerve?
The lateral sural nerve from the common peroneal nerve gives off a communicating sural nerve that meets with the medial sural nerve from the tibial nerve.
What compartment of the leg will you find the superficial peroneal nerve in?
The superficial peroneal nerve can be found within the lateral compartment of the leg.
What parts of the leg does the superficial peroneal nerve innervate?
Supplies the skin of the anterolateral leg and the dorsum of the foot.
Where does the great saphenous vein begin?
The great saphenous begins at the foot and travels along the medial side of the leg eventually dumping into the femoral vein.
Where does the small saphenous vein begin?
The small saphenous vein begins at the lateral side of the foot and ascends along the posterior leg dumping into the popliteal vein behind the knee.
What is found within the anterior compartment of the leg?
The dorsiflexor/ extensor groups including mainly tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extenspr digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius.
What nerve runs within the anterior compartment of the leg?
The deep peroneal nerve.
This artery dives anteriorly through a compartment within the interosseous membrane
Anteriot tibial artery.
What branches does the anterior tibial artery give rise to?
Tibial recurrent
Anterior medial malleolar
Anterior Lateral malleolar
Dorsalis pedis
What is compartment syndrome and where is it typically found within the leg?
Compartment syndrome is when there is bleeding or fluid accumulation within the anterior compartment of the leg. This places increased pressure within the anterior compartment compressing other structures causing ischemia and nerve damage.
If there were to be an injury to the Common peroneal nerve, what areas would be numb in the patient?
You would have loss of all control within the anterolateral compartment muscles.
The lateral compartment of the leg contains muscles that perform what common action?
The lateral compartment of the leg contains the foot everters and is the smallest compartment.
What muscles are found within the lateral compartment of the leg?
The peroneus longus and the peroneus brevis muscles.
Where does peroneus longus originate from
Lateral fibula
Where does peroneus longus insert onto?
The base of the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Where does peroneus brevis originate from?
The lateral fibula
Where does peroneus brevis insert onto?
The tuberosity of the 5th met
What nerve is responsible for innervating the lateral compartment of the leg?
The superficial peroneal nerve
What arteries feed the lateral compartment of the leg?
Branches from the peroneal arteries of the posterior compartment and branches of the anterior tibial arteries from the anterior compartment.
What sort of muscles are found within the posterior compartment of the leg?
Muscles that produce plantar flexion and inversion of the foot.
The posterior compartment of the leg is devided into an superficial and deep compartment by what?
By the transverse intermuscular septum.
What nerve is responsible for supplying the posterior compartment of the leg?
The tibial nerve.
What arteries are responsible for the posterior compartment of the leg?
The peroneal artery that branches off the tibial artery as well as the tibial artery supply the posterior portion of the leg.
Where can the superficial branch of the peroneal nerve be found within the leg?
Between the muscle bellies of the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles.
What muscles are found within the posterior compartment of the leg?
Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Popliteus Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior
What is the origin of the soleus muscle?
The fibula and soleal line of the tibia
What is the insertion of the soleus muscle?
Inserts onto the calcaneus
What is the origin of the plantaris muscle?
Lateral supracondylar line of the femur
What is the insertion of the plantaris muscle?
Calcaneus
What is the origin of the popliteus muscle?
Lateral condyle of the femur
What is the insertion of the popliteus muscle?
Superior to soleal line of the tibia
What is the action of the popliteus
Unlocks the knee joint by laterally rotating the femur 5 degrees.
What is the action of the plantaris?
Acts as an organ of proprioception.
What is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus
The fibula and interosseus membrane
What is the insertion of the flexor hallucis longus?
The base of the first distal phalanx
What is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus
Tibia inferior to the soleal line
What is the insertion of flexor digitorum longus
Bases of the distal phalanges toes 2-5
What is the origin of tibialis posterior?
Tibia, fibula, and IO membranne
What is the insertion if tibialis posterior?
Navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, bases of 2-4 metatarsals.
What is the nervous supply to the posterior compartment of the leg
Tibial nerve (L4-S3)
The deep peroneal nerve is found sandwiched between which two muscle bodies?
Found between tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus.
