Gluteal Region Flashcards
What foramen provides the passageway for all lower limb nerves and arteries to leave the pelvis?
The greater sciatic foramen.
What are the components of the greater sciatic foramen?
The greater sciatic notch and sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments
What structures (7) transverse the greater sciatic foramen?
Piriformis
Gluteal vessels and nerves (Sup. and Inf.)
Internal pudendal vesseles and nerve
Sciatic nerve
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Nerve to quadratus femoris and inf. gemellus
Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus
What components make up the lesser sciatic foramen?
The sciatic notch and the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments.
What transverses through the lesser sciatic notch?
Tendon of obturator internus
Internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
Nerve to obturator internis.
What is the origin of the gluteus maximus?
Sacrotuberous ligament, the ilium, sacrum and coccyx.
What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus?
Gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract.
What is the action of the gluteus maximus?
Extend and laterally rotate the thigh
Rise from sitting position
Running
What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus?
The inferior gluteal nerve.
What blood vessels supply the gluteus maximus?
The inferior and superior gluteal arteries and veins.
What is the origin of the gluteus medius?
Ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal line
What is the insertion of the gluteus medius?
Greater trochanter
What is the action of the gluteus medius
Abduction and medial rotation of the thigh.
Stops hip from sagging on the unsupported side.
What nerve supplies the gluteus medius?
The superior gluteal nerve
What blood supply goes to the gluteus medius?
The superior gluteal artery
What is the origin of the gluteus minimus?
Ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines.
What is the action of the gluteus minimus?
Abduction and medial rotation
What is the insertion of the gluteus minimus?
Greater Trochanter of the femur.
What nerve supplies the gluteus minimus?
The superior gluteal nerve
What artery supplies the gluteus minimus?
The superior gluteal artery
What is a positive trendelenburg sign and when would these signs be seen?
Damage to the superior gluteal nerve which would cause:
Waddling gait
High steppage gait
Swing out gait
What do the deep layer muscles of the thigh accomplish?
These are the stabilizers of the hip joint and lateral rotators of the thigh.
What is the origin of the piriformis?
The anterior portion of the sacrum
What is the insertion of the piriformis?
Greater trochanter
What is the nerve supply to the piriformis?
S1 and S2
What is the action of the piriformis?
Lateral rotation of the thigh
What is the origin of the obturator internus?
Obturator membrane and surrounding bone
What is the insertion path of the obturator internus?
It inserts onto the greater trochanter by leaving the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen.
What is the nerve supply to the obturator internus?
L5, S1, S2
What is the action of the obturator internus?
Lateral rotation, extension, and abduction of the flexed thigh.
What is the origin of the superior gemellus
Ischial spine
What is the insertion of the superior gemellus?
Tendon of the obturator internus
What is the nerve supply and action of the superior gemellus?
L5,S1-S2 (same as obturator internus)
Action: Lateral rotation, extension and abduction of flexed thigh (same as obturator internus)
What is the origin of the inferior gemellus?
Ischial tuberosity
What is the insertion of the inferior gemellus?
Tendon of the obturator internus
What is the nerve supply to the inferior gemellus?
L5, S1-2 (same as obturator internus)
What is the action of the inferior gemellus?
Same as obturator internus
Lateral rotation, Extension, and abduction of the flexed thigh.
What is the Origin of the quadratus femoris?
Ischial tuberosity
What is the insertion of the quadratus femoris?
Intertrochanteric crest
What is the nerve supply to the quadratus femoris?
L5 and S1
What is the action of the quadratus femoris?
Laterally rotate thigh.
What structures does the superior gluteal artery supply?
Gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus along with tensor fasciae lata
What structures does the inferior gluteal artery supply?
Supplies gluteus maximus and the short lateral rotators of the thigh.
What structures does the internal pudendal artery supply?
Supplies the perineal region
During what week do the lower limb buds become seen?
During the fifth week
The lower limb buds extend from what spinal part/
L2-S2
The upper limb buds are seen about a week earlier than the lower limbs and are seen at what spinal side?
C5- T1
During what week do the limbs undergoe torsion
During the seventh week
