Foot I and II Flashcards
The superficial peroneal nerve splits into what two branches in the foot?
The peroneal nerve branches into the medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves.
What are the three parts of the inferior extensor retinaculum?
The stem (Fondiform ligament)
The superomedial limb - medial malleolus
The inferomedial limb - Blends with plantar fascia.
What area does the deep peroneal nerve innervate?
The deep peroneal nerve innervates the space between the great toe and the second toe.
What is the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve a continuation of?
The sural nerve ( made up of the communicating branch of the lateral peroneal nerve and the medial branch of the tibial nerve)
The extensor digitorum brevis is found where and works on what joints?
The extensor digitorum brevis is the only intrinsic muscle of the dorsal side of the foot and goes to toes 2-4
Where does extensor halucis brevis originat from and where can it be found inserting
Extensor halucis brevis comes off the extensor digitorum brevis and goes to the great toe.
The dorsalis pedis artery eventually becomes the arcuate artery that dives deep to the plantar arch and continues into the halux and gives off how many dorsal metatarsal arteries?
Gives off three metatarsal arteries.
What are the two terminal branches of the dorsalis pedis artery?
The deep plantar branch and the first dorsal metatarsal and the other three dorsal digital arteries branches.
How many dorsal metatarsal arteries are there?
Hoe many Dorsal metatarsal veins are there?
There are three dorsal metatarsal arteris and four dorsal metatarsal veins.
What cutaneous nerve innervates the medial plantar aspect of the foot?
The saphnous nerve
What cutaneous nerve innervates the lateral 10th toe?
The lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve which is a continuation of the sural nerve.
The calcaneal branches of what nerve supply the heel area?
The calcaneal branches from the tibial nerve.
The medial plantar nerve is a branch from what main nerve?
The tibial nerve
What does the medial plantar nerve innervate?
Supplies the medial 3 1/2 digits.
The lateral plantar nerve is a branch from what main nerve?
Branches off the tibial nerve!
What does the lateral plantar nerve supply in the foot?
The lateral plantar nerve supplies the lateral 1 1/2 digits.
How many layers of intrinsic muscles are within the foot?
Four layers of intrinsic muscles
What can be found within the first layer of the foot?
Abductor halucis
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digitorum brevis
What can be found within the second layer of the foot?
Quadratus Plantae
Flexor Digitorum longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Four Lumbricles
What can be found within the third layer of the foot?
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Flexor halucis brevis
Adductor hallucis oblique and transverse head.
What is found in the fourth layer of the foot?
Peroneus longus tendon
Tibialis Posterior tendon
Plantar interossei muscles (3)
Dorsal interossei muscles (4)
The lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve is a continuation of what nerve?
The sural nerve
How many muscles and how many tendons are in the first layer?
First layer is muscles only
How many muscles and how many tendons are in the second layer of the foot?
There are two muscles
And two tendons
How many muscles and tendons are in the third layer of the foot?
There are three muscles
How many muscles and tendons are in the fourth layer of the foot?
2 muscles and two tendons
How many plantar interossei muscles are there?
3
How many dorsal interossei muscles are there?
4
Where do the dorsal interossei originate and insert into?
Adjacent sides of 1-5 metatarsals inserting on the proximal phalanx of 2-4 toes
Where do the planter interossei originate and insert into?
Base of the metatarsals 3-5 inserting onto the base of the proximal phalanx of toes 3-5
Where do the lumbricles originate from and insert into?
The lumbricles originate from the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus and insert onto the flexor sheaths of the lateral 4 toes.
Where does the flexor digitorum brevis originate from and what does it insert into?
The flexor digitorum brevis originates from the tuberosity of the calcaneus and inserts onto the middle phalanx of the lateral 4 toes.
Where does abductor hallucis originate from and insert into?
Originating from the tuberosity of the calcaneous and inserting onto the base of the first proximal phalanx.
Where does the flexor hallucis brevis originate from and insert onto?
Originates from the cuboid bone and inserts onto the base of the first proximal phalanx.
Where does teh adductor hallucis oblique head originate from and insert onto?
Base of met 2-4 inserting onto the first proximal phalanx.
Where does the adductor hallucis transverse head originate from and insert onto?
The MP joint ligaents inserting onto the bas of the first proximal phalanx.
Where does the flexor digiti minimi brevis originate from and insert onto?
Base of the 5th met inserting onto the 5th proximal phalanx.
What nerve branches come from the tibial nerve within the foot?
The tibial nerve gives rise to the medial calcaneal branch, the medial and lateral plantar nerves.
The medial plantar nerve is found within what layer of the foot?
It is found between the first and second layers.
How many common plantar digital nerves does the medial plantar nerve devide into?
The medial plantar nerve divides into three common plantar nerves.
How many digits does the medial plantar nerve supply cutaneous sensation to?
The medial common plantar nerve provides sensation to three and a half digits.
Specifically to digits 1-3 and the medial aspect of digit 4.
What other muscles does the medial plantar nerve innervate within the foot?
The abductor hallucis
The flexor digitorum brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis
And the first lumbricle
The medial plantar nerve passes just inferiorly to what muscle belly?
The abductor hallucis brevis
The lateral plantar nerve passes just inferiorly to what muscle belly?
abductor hallucis
The lateral plantar nerve provides innervation to what?
to the lateral 1.5 digits, specifically the 5th digit and half of the 4th digit.
The sural nerve provides sensation to what portion of the foot?
The sural nerve provides sensation to the lateral aspect of the foot all the way down to the lateral aspect of the 5th toe.
The saphenous nerve supplys what spot of the foot with cutaneous innervation?
The medial aspect of the foot.
The posterior tibial artery gives rise to what branches within the foot?
The medial and lateral plantar arteries.
What does the medial plantar artery pass between in the foot?
Passes between the abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis.
What does the medial plantar artery supply within the foot?
Supplies the medial side of the great toe making up the first proper plantar digital artery.
What artery gives rise to the first proper plantar digital artery?
The medial plantar artery.
The lateral plantar artery forms the deep plantar arch at the base of what metatarsal
The fifth metatarsal
How does the plantar side of the foot form an arterial anastomose with the dorsal side?
The lateral plantar artery runs obliquely and anastamoses with the deep plantar nerve from the dorsalis pedis
How many branches come from the deep plantar arch?
Four plantar metatarsal arteries come from the deep plantar arch with each plantar metatarsal artery dividing into 2 plantar digital arteries.
The tenth proper plantar digital is usually a terminal branch of what artery?
The lateral plantar artery.
What is the most common sort of injury in the ankle?
An inversion injury in which the lateral ligaments are damaged.
What is a Potts fracture?
This occurs when the foot is forcefully inverted and often results in a fracture of the medial and lateral malleoli as well as the fibula.
