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Gross Anatomy > Leg > Flashcards

Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles of the Posterior Compartment?

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris
  • Popliteus
  • Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL)
  • Flexor Digitiorum Longus (FDL)
  • Tibialis Posterior
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2
Q

What divides the superficial and deep compartments of the posterior compartment?

A

Transverse intermuscular septum

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3
Q

What makes up the triceps surae?

A

Gastronemuius and soleus mm. collectively make it up… generating majority of plantar flexion force.

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4
Q

What is the Achilles tendon also called?

A

Calcaneal tendon

  • most powerful and and thickest tendon in the body
  • continuation of aponeurosis formed by gastrocnemius and soles mm.
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5
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

O: Lateral head - popliteal surface, lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur. Medial head - popliteal surface of femur superior to medial condyle.
I: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon.
A: Plantarflexion with extended knee; leg flexion
N: Tibial n. (S1,S2)
B: Popliteal a.
* functions most effectively with extended knee
*incapable of producing plantar flexion when knee is fully flexed

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6
Q

Soleus

A

O: Posterior aspect of head and superior 1/4 of posterior surface of fibula: soleal line, middle 1/3 of medial border of tibia.
I: Posterior surface of clacaneus via calcaneal tendon.
A: Plantarflexion independent of position of knee.
N: Tibial n. (S1,S2)
B: Posterior tibial aa.
*Tendinous arch of soleus: continuous proximal attachment, shape like an inverted U
*workhorse of plantar flexion
*accessory soleus present 3% of the time (lies medial to calcaneal tendon)

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7
Q

Plantaris

A

O: Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur, oblique popliteal l.
I: posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon.
A: Weak plantarflexion
N: Tibial n. (S1, S2)
B: Popliteal a.
*absent 5-10%
*short belly, long tendon that is often mistaken for a nerve “freshmen’s nerve”
*tendon often used for grafting
*considered an organ proprioception for large plantar flexors (high density of muscle spindles)

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8
Q

Popliteus

A

O: Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur
I: posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
A: Weak flexion of leg; unlocks knee by rotating femur 5 degrees on fixed tibia; medially rotates tibia of unplanted limb
N: Tibial n. (L4, L5, S1)
B: popliteal a.
*tendon emerges from joint capsule of knee
*forms inferior part of floor popliteal fossa

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9
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL)

A

O: inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula; inferior part of interosseous membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of great toe
A: flexion of great toe at all joints; weak plantarflexion
N: Tibial n. (S2, S3)
B: Fibular a.
*referred to as “Harry”
*powerful flexor of all joints of great toe (toe off)
*tendon passes posterior to medial malleolus and inferior to sustentaculum tali
*Then runs between two sesamoid bones in tendons of flexor hallucis brevis m.

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10
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL)

A

O: Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line
I: Base of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
A: Flexion of lateral 4 digits; plantarflexion
N: Tibial n. (S2, S3)
B: Posterior tibial a.
*referred to as “Dick”
*tendon crosses over TP superior to medial malleoulus.
*tendon passes posterior to medial malleoulus
*Then passes superficial to tendon to FHL in sole of foot
*Direction of pull realigned by quadrates plantae m.

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11
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

O: Interosseous membrane; posterior surface tibia inferior to soleal line; posterior surface fibula
I: Tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform, cuboid, sustentaculum talk and bases of 2nd - 4th metatarsals.
A: Plantarflexion and inversion
N: Tibial n. (L4, L5)
B: Posterior tibial a.
*reffered to as “Tom”
*between FHL and FDL
*tendon passes immediately posterior to medial malleoulus
*synergist to TA for inversion
*primary role is to support medial longitudinal arch

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12
Q

What are the muscles of Lateral compartment of leg?

A
  • Fibularis Longus (FL)

- Fibularis Brevis (FB)

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13
Q

Fibularis Longus (FL)

A

O: Head and superior 2/3 lateral surface of fibula
I: Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
A: Eversion and weak plantarflexion
N: Superficial fibular n. (L5, S1, S2)
B: Perforating branches of fibular and anterior tibial aa.

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14
Q

Fibularis Brevis (FB)

A

O: Inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
I: Tuberoisity of base of 5th metatarsal
A: Eversion and weak plantarflexion
N: Superficial fibular n. ( L5, S1, S2)
B: Performing branches of fibular and anterior tibial aa.

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15
Q

What is the vasculature of lateral compartment of leg?

A
  • no artery courses through lateral compartment
  • Supplied by: perforating branches from anterior tibial a. (superior part). Perforating branches from fibular a. (inferior part).
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16
Q

What is the innervation of lateral compartment?

A
  • Superficial fibular n. : terminal branch of common fibular n. terminating as -> medial dorsal cutaneous n., intermediate dorsal cutaneous n.
  • Lateral sural cutaneous n. : from common fibular n. supplying skin of upper lateral leg.
17
Q

What are the muscles of Anterior Compartment?

A
  • Tibialis Anterior (TA)
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL)
  • Fibularis Tertius
  • Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL)
18
Q

Tibialis Anterior (TA)

A

O: lateral condyle and superior 1/2 of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
I: medial inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and bad of 1st metatarsal
A: Dorisiflexion and inversion
N: Deep fibular (peroneal) n. (L4, L5)
B: Anterior tibial a.
*most medial and superficial dorsiflexor
*lies agains lateral surface of tibia
*tendon has its own synodal sheath
*strongest dorsiflexor

19
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL)

A

O: Lateral condyle of tibia and superior 3/4 of medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.
I: middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
A: Extension of lateral 4 digits and dorsiflexion
N: deep fibular n. (L4, L5)
B: anterior tibial a.
*forms 4tt. that attach to phalanges
*has common synovial sheath with FT
*each tendon forms extensor expansion (over proximal phalanx of toe)

20
Q

Fibularis Tertius

A

O: inferior 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
I: dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
A: Dorsiflexion and aids in eversion
N: deep fibular n. (L4, L5)
B: anterior tibial a.
*separated part of EDL (continuous proximally and separate tendon distally)
*not always present

21
Q

Extensor Hallicus Longus (EHL)

A

O: middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
A: extension of great toe and dorsiflexion
N: Deep fibular n. (L4, L5)
B: anterior tibial a.
*deep fibular n. and anterior tibial a. found between EHL and TA

22
Q

What is a terminal branch of popliteal a. ?

A

Posterior tibial a.

23
Q

What does the posterior tibial a. terminate as?

A

medial and lateral plantar aa.

24
Q

The fibular artery is from what a.?

A

from posterior tibial a.

25
Q

Where does the saphenous v. start?

Where does it drain?

A
  • arises from dorsal venous arch

- drains into popliteal v.

26
Q

Tibial roots from what?

Branches from what?

A
  • L4-L5

- Branches from the sciatic nerve, larger of two terminal branches of sciatic n.

27
Q

What forms the sural n.?

A

-medial sural cutanoues n. joins with aural communicating branch of common fibular n.

28
Q

Where does the tibial n. travel?

What does it supply?

A
  • passes between 2 heads of gstrocnemius m. and then passes posterior to medial malleolus between tt. of FDL and FHL
  • supplies all m. in the posterior compartment of the leg.
29
Q

What does the tibial n. terminate as?

A
  • medial plantar n.

- lateral plantar n.

30
Q

Where does the small saphenous v. arise?
What does it drain into?
Where does it ascend?

A
  • arises from lateral side of dorsal venous arch
  • ascends posterior to lateral malleolus and continuous upward between heads of gastrocnemius m.
  • drains into popliteal v.

Gross Anatomy (15 decks)

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