Foot Flashcards
What are the divisions of the foot and bones of each division?
- hindfoot - (heel) talus and cancaneus
- midfoot - navicular, cuboid and cuneiforms
- forefoot - (ball) - metatarsals and phalanges
What are the two longitudinal arches?
- medial part
- lateral part
What forms the medial longitudinal arch?
- calcaneus
- talus
- navicular
- 3 cuneiforms and metatarsals 1-3
What forms the lateral longitudinal arch?
- calcaneus
- cuboid
- 4th-5th metatarsals
What strengthens and suspends the medial longitudinal arch?
Strengthens: -plantar calcaneonavicular l. -plantar aponeurosis Suspends: -tibialis anterior m. -fibularis longus t. -deltoid l.
What forms the transverse arch?
- cuboid
- 3 cuneiforms
- base of metatarsals 1-5
What strengthens and suspends the lateral longitudinal arch?
Strengthened: -long and short plantar ll. -plantar aponeurosis Suspends: -fibularis longus m. -fibularis brevis m.
What is the keystone of the medial and lateral longitudinal arch?
Medial keystone: talar head
Lateral keystone: cuboid
What muscles of the foot are in the 1st layer?
- abductor hallucis
- flexor digitorum brevis
- abductor digiti minimi
What muscles of the foot are in the 2nd layer?
-lumbricals (1-4)
What muscles of the foot are in the 3rd layer?
- flexor hallucis brevis
- adductor hallucis
- flexor digiti minimi brevis
What muscles of the foot are in the 4th layer?
- plantar interossei
- dorsal interossei
Abductor Hallucis
O: medial tubercle of tuberosity of clacaneus; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis
I: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
A: ABD and flexion of great toe (hallux)
N: medial plantar n. (S2,S3)
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
O: medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; inter muscular septa
I: Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral 4 digits
A: flexion of lateral 4 digits
N: medial plantar n. (S2, S3)
Abductor digiti minimi
O: medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; inter muscular septa
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
A: ABD and flexion of 5th digit (little toe)
N: lateral plantar n. (S2, S3)
Quadratus Plantae
O: medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
I: Posterolateral margin t. of FDL
A: Assits FDL in flexing lateral 4 digits
N: lateral plantar n. (S2, S3)
Lumbricals (1-4)
O: individual tendons of FDL
I: medial aspect of expansion over lateral 4 digits
A: flexion of proximal phalanges; extend middle and distal flanges lateral 4 digits
N: 1st lumbrical - medial plantar n. (S2, S3)
2nd -4th lumbricals - lateral plantar n. (S2, S3)
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
O: plantar surface of cuboid, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms
I: both sides base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
A: flexion of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
N: medial plantar n. (S2, S3)
Adductor Hallucis
O: oblique head - base of metatarsals 2-4
transverse head - plantar ll. of MTP joints
I: lateral side base of the proximal phalanx of 1st digit
A: ADD of 1st digit; assists maintaining transverse arch by puling lateral 4 digits medial
N: lateral plantar n. (S2, S3)
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
O: base of 5th metatarsal
I: base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
A: flexion of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
N: lateral plantar n. (S2, S3)
Plantar Interossei
O: bases and medial dies of metatarsals 3-5
I: medial sides of bases of flanges of 3rd-5th digits
A: ADD digits 3-5; flex MP joints
N: lateral plantar n. (S2, S3)
*PAD - planter interossei ADduct
Dorsal Interossei
O: adjacent sides o metatarsals 1-5
I: 1st - medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
2nd-4th - lateral side of proximal phalanx of 2nd
digits
A: ABD digits 2-4; flex MP joints
N: lateral plantar n. (S2, S3)
*DAB - dorsal interossei ABduct
What is the terminal branch of posterior tibial a.?
lateral plantar a.
What is the terminal branch of the posterior tibial a.?
medial plantar a.
