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Pharm 313 > Leftover CNS > Flashcards

Leftover CNS Flashcards

1
Q

drug for muscle spasm

A

cyclobenzaprine

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2
Q

what is a muscle spasm?

A

involuntary contraction of muscle group

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3
Q

non-pharmacological treatment for muscle spasms

A

heat pack, ice massage, whirlpool

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4
Q

pharmacological treatment for muscle spasms

A

acetaminophen
NSAIDs
Muscle Relaxants

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5
Q

prototype for muscle relaxant

A

cyclobenzaprine (Flexaril, Flexmid)

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6
Q

1st drug of choice for muscle relaxant

A

cyclobenzaprine

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7
Q

how does cyclobenzaprine work?

A
  • works in brainstem to cause muscle relaxation W/O MUSCLE WEAKNESS
  • decrease tonic motor activity
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8
Q

side effects of cyclobenzaprine

A

CNS effects:

  • drowsiness
  • dizziness
  • fatigue
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9
Q

What should you avoid with cyclobenzaprine?

A

risk of additive effect:

  • alcohol
  • other CNS drugs
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10
Q

Considerations for long term use with cyclobenzaprine?

A
  • CNS effects decrease with continued use due to increase tolerance
  • physical dependence –> wean off slowly
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11
Q

Is cyclobenzaprine used postoperatively?

A

-used in multimodal pain protocol for ABD surgery

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12
Q

what is spasticity?

A

heightened muscle tone

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13
Q

causes of spasticity?

A

multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy

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14
Q

CNS drug for spasticity?

A

baclofen (Lioresal)

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15
Q

How does Baclofen work?

A

decrease spasticity W/O MUSCLE WEAKNESS

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16
Q

side effects of baclofen

A

CNS effects:

  • drowsiness
  • dizziness
  • weakness
  • fatigue
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17
Q

what to avoid with baclofen?

A

risk of additive effects:

  • alcohol
  • other CNS drugs
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18
Q

considerations with long term use of Baclofen?

A
  • CNS effects decrease with continued use due to increase tolerance
  • physical dependence –> wean off slowly
19
Q

initial dose of baclofen needs to be….. why?

A

start low and slow!

-too high of a dose initially can lead to RESP DEPRESSION, COMA

20
Q

what are characteristics of ADHD?

A

inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

21
Q

drug therapy goals for treating ADHD

A
  • increase attention span
  • improve focus/concentration
  • ->does not get rid of negative behaviors but increase positive behaviors
22
Q

2 types of ADHD meds

A

stimulant

non-stimulant

23
Q

stimulant med for ADHD treatment

A

methylphenidate (concerta)

24
Q

which is 1st line of therapy for ADHD treatment- stimulant or non stimulant?

A

stimulant

25
Q

onset of action from stimulant ADHD meds?

A

immediate benefit

26
Q

Duration of action for stimulant ADHD drugs

A

only works 2-3 years

27
Q

how does methylphenidate (concerta) work?

A

promotes norepinephrine and dopamine release AND inhibits reuptake
–> increase NE/Dopamine in synaptic cleft –> increase action of those neurotransmitters

28
Q

What schedule drug is methylphenidate? what does that result in?

A

Schedule II controlled substance

–> difficulty w/refills, potential for abuse

29
Q

what are side effects of methylphenidate?

A
  • insomnia
  • decrease appetite
  • growth suppression
  • headache
  • abdominal pain
30
Q

what time of day do you need to take methylphenidate dose (s)?

A

1X daily = take in AM to prevent insomnia

BID = take 2nd dose before 4PM

31
Q

formulation options for methylphenidate?

A
  • sustained release
  • immediate release
  • once daily dosing
32
Q

what is second line therapy for ADHD? stimulant or nonstimulant?

A

non stimulant : atomoxetine (strattera), alpha 2 adrenergic agonist

33
Q

How are non stimulant drugs more effective?

A

use in combination therapy with stimulant and other treatments

34
Q

non stimulant ADHD drug therapy:

A

atomoxetine (strattera)

alpha 2 adrenergic agonist

35
Q

how does Atomoxetine fxn?

A

inhibit norepinephrine reuptake

–> takes 1-3 weeks for full effect b/c adaptive change in brain needs to occur

36
Q

onset of action for atomoxetine:

A

takes 1-3 weeks for full effect b/c adaptive change in brain needs to occur

37
Q

is atomoxetine a controlled substance?

A

nope

38
Q

side effects of atomoxetine?

A

-gi*
-decrease appetite*
CNS:
-dizziness
-somnolence
-modd swings
-trouble sleeping

39
Q

which CNS non stimulant can cause suicidal thoughts in kids?

A

atomoxetine

40
Q

how do Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists work?

A

reduce sympathetic outflow from brain

41
Q

2 alpha 2 adrenergic drugs to know:

A

Guafacine (BP med)

Clonidine (treats drug abuse)

42
Q

what is Guafacine?

A

BP med used as ADHD non stimulant medication in class Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonist

43
Q

What is clonidine?

A

Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonist in ADHD Non stimulant category

-also used to treat drug abuse

44
Q

Side effects of Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonist?

A

hypotension

Pharm 313 (26 decks)

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