Intro Flashcards
Any chemical that can affect living process
Drug
study of drugs in humans
clinical pharmacology
use of drugs to diagnose/prevent/treat disease or the medical use of drugs
therapeutics
What makes a drug ideal?
#1= effectiveness 2.safety 3. selectivity other considerations: ease of administration, reversible, predictable, no other drug interactions, low cost, chemical stability, simple generic name
What is the objective of drug therapy?
increase good and minimize bad effects
4 factors that determine intensity of drug response?
- administration
- pharmacokinetics
- pharmacodynamics
- individual variation
What is the difference b/w pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics?
p'kinetics = BODY impact on DRUG p'dynamics= DRUG impact on BODY
Original 5 Rights for medication safety
- medication
- Route
- Time/frequency
- Patient
- Dose
10 Rights for medication safety
- medication
- Route
- Time/frequency
- Patient
- Dose
- assessment
- documentation
- evaluation
- education
- right to refuse
How long does it take for a drug to get approval?
10-15 years
In Phase I clinical trials what happens?
20-80 HEALTHY ppl
In Phase II clinical trials what happens?
100-150 DISEASED ppl, <6mo on med
In Phase III clinical trials what happens?
1-3,000 HOSPITALIZED/COMORDIBITY ppl
What are 4 STAGES of Drug approval
- preclinical investigation
- clinical investigation (3 phases)
- Review of new drug application
- post marketing surveillance
What program do providers report complications with drug to?
Medwatch
What is the length of term for patent on drug
20 years
Which Schedule of drugs have no medical use?
Schedule 1 (marijuana, LSD)
Which Schedule of drugs is least likes for abuse?
Schedule 4/5
What is the difference between classifying drugs by therapeutic and pharmacological effects?
Therapeutic-broad description of usefulness (antihypertensive)
Pharmacological- drugs mechanism of action (diuretic, betablocker)
Which is safer- RX or OTC?
Neither b/c OTC can also be taken dangerously
What is the difference between trade and generic? What about chemical differences?
- Trade = proprietary/ brand name (kleenex, Advil)
- Generic= universally named, only 1 generic name per drug (facial tissue, ibuprofen)
both have
SAME = bioavailabilty
DIFFERENT= rate of absorption/inert substances
