Lee et al

Question 1

What did they study

Answer 1

Moral development

Question 2

What’s a cross sectional study

Answer 2

different groups of participants of different ages all studied at the same time

Question 3

What’s an individualistic culture

Answer 3

peoples identities are defined by personal choices and achievements (individual goals)

Question 4

What’s a collectivist culture?

Answer 4

peoples identities are defined by the groups they are a part of (group goals)

Question 5

Aims

Answer 5

To see if culture and age affect a child’s views about truth telling and lying

Question 6

Sample

Answer 6

Individualistic - 108 children ages 7/9/11 in Canada
Collectivist - 120 children ages 7/9/11 in China

Question 7

briefly describe the procedure

Answer 7

each child had 4 stories read to them and then were asked 2 questions (had to respond on a 7pt scale)

Question 8

What were the 4 stories

Answer 8

1. behave antisocially and lie
2. behave antisocially and tell truth
3. behave pro socially and lie
4. behave pro socially and tell truth

Question 9

What were the two types of stories

Answer 9

Social - impacted another child
(giving another child lunch money)
Physical - impacted environment
(picking up litter/scribbling on a library book)

Question 10

What were the 2 questions?

Answer 10

1. Is what xxx did good or naughty?
2. Is what xxx said to their teacher good or naughty?

Question 11

What we’re the two ends of the 7 pt scale?

Answer 11

Very very good or very very naughty

Question 12

Results - pro social truth telling

Answer 12

Children in collectivist China viewed this less positively as they got older (saw as wanting or begging for praise)

Question 13

Results - pro social lie telling

Answer 13

Children in collectivist China came to view this positively as they got older (should be anonymous after a good deed)

Question 14

Results - anti social

Answer 14

Truth- both groups rated positive
Lie- both groups rated negative (more as got older)

Question 15

Is this study nature or nurture

Answer 15

Nurture - differences in age and culture in morals

Question 16

Is this study more free will or determinism

Answer 16

Determinism - culture influenced decisions and morals

Question 17

Is this study holistic or reductionist

Answer 17

Holistic - investigates both age and culture as influences on moral development

Question 18

How is this study not ethnocentric

Answer 18

Studied 2 countries

Question 19

How is this study ethnocentric

Answer 19

Canada may not represent all individualistic cultures
Stories could’ve been perceived differently

Question 20

Similarity - both studies were cross cultural

Answer 20

Kohlberg - went to 7 countries (Turkey/Taiwan/Malaysia)
Lee - Went to China and Canada

Question 21

Similarity - both involved children being given scenarios to comment on

Answer 21

Kohlberg - moral dilemmas every 3 years (eg Heinz)
Lee - given 4 stories (physical or social)

Question 22

Difference - longitudinal vs snapshot

Answer 22

Kohlberg - 12 years
Lee - 3 age groups all at once

Question 23

Difference - gender mix

Answer 23

Kohlberg - 75 boys
Lee - 118 boys and 110 girls

Question 24

How has Lee changed out understanding of moral development

Answer 24

Suggested culture a child grows up in can affect development of their moral thinking
It isn’t talking about levels or stages of moral development

Question 25

How hasn’t Lee changed our understanding of moral development

Answer 25

Both find children’s moral thinking changes as they grow up
Doesn’t find anything to challenge idea of moral thinking developing in a sequence

Question 26

How has Lees study changed our understanding of individual, social and cultural diversity?

Answer 26

Social- told us about boys and girls rather than just boys + told us about younger children
Cultural - culture a child grows up in DOES affect moral thinking

Question 27

How hasnt Lees study changed our understanding of individual, social and cultural diversity?

Answer 27

Social - age a child is at will influence way they think about issues of morality
Cultural - Canada was one of the counties in both stidues