Freud

Question 1

What year was this experiment done?

Answer 1

1909

Question 2

What was the key theme of this study?

Answer 2

Understanding disorders

Question 3

What was the main theory the study was based on?

Answer 3

Theory of Psychosexual development

Question 4

Briefly explain what the theory of psychosexual development is

Answer 4

Sexual impulses are present in new horns and they seek satisfaction through their own bodies

Question 5

What are the 5 stages of psychosexual development?

Answer 5

Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital

Question 6

Explain oral stage of psychosexual development

Answer 6

Fascinated with putting things in their mouth (eg thumb sucking instead of breastfeeding)

Question 7

Explain anal stage of psychosexual development

Answer 7

Children keep excrement inside until they feel contractions (eg potty training)

Question 8

Explain phallic stage of psychosexual development

Answer 8

Child sees a difference in male and female bodies
Boys fear girls were castrated for playing with their penises
Oedipus complex arises

Question 9

Explain latency stage of psychosexual development

Answer 9

Child interested in sports/friendships/hobbies etc

Question 10

Explain genital stage of psychosexual development

Answer 10

Intensity of sexual desire increases but they move their desire into other people (outside family) who resemble them

Question 11

Explain the oedipus complex

Answer 11

Little boys have a sexual desire for their mother and see their father as a rival they wish would disappear (jealousy)

Question 12

What is the castration complex/anxiety

Answer 12

Boys fear that after seeing a naked female they will lose their penis

Question 13

What’s a phobia?

Answer 13

Anxiety disorder - persistent fear out of proportion to danger and compelling desire to escape situation

Question 14

What’s psychoanalysis

Answer 14

Intensive and long term therapy - aims to alleviate distress by giving patient insight into unconscious mental processes

Question 15

What are the overall aims of the study?

Answer 15

Provide evidence for psychosexual development theory using psychoanalysis of dreams and fantasies of a child with a nervous disorder

Question 16

What’s a case study?

Answer 16

A research method involving a small group studied in depth
Often P are unusual in some way

Question 17

What was the sample?

Answer 17

Little Hans
-ages3-5
-Vienna, Austria
-Brought up w minimal force
- Lively cheerful baby

Question 18

What was the sampling method used?

Answer 18

Self selecting - Put out call asking friends and supporters to send info about children’s development

Question 19

What was the procedure?

Answer 19

Letters - Hans father wrote details of Hans behaviour and convos and made his own interpretations

Replies - F replied with own interpretations of behaviours/convos. gave guidance on topics to discuss/behaviours to look for

Question 20

Data collection method?

Answer 20

Self report - interview

Question 21

Phobias (baths)

Answer 21

-punished for death wish against sister

-young children can be scared of water

Question 22

Phobias (horses)

Answer 22

-represents father (blinkers-glasses and muzzle-moustache)
-widdler cut off bc he touched it (horse biting him)

-“don’t put finger to horse it’ll bite you”

Question 23

Phobias (carts/buses)

Answer 23

-horse fell down and thought of dad dying so can have mum to himself

-had seen bus horse fall over

Question 24

Dreams/fantasies (powdered)

Answer 24

powdered by mother and said “why don’t you put your finger there?”

• desires mother / seduction attempt

Question 25

Dreams/fantasies (girraffes)

Answer 25

-big was dad and crumpled was mum / stole mum from dad

• had been to zoo five days earlier

Question 26

Dreams/fantasies (imaginary friends)

Answer 26

-named lodi (represents faeces or mother having another baby)
-mum was mum and Hans was dad (oedipus complex)

• young children have imaginary friends

Question 27

Conclusions

Answer 27

Provided support for:
-his theory
-oedipus complex
-phobias came from unconscious

Question 28

advantage of sample?

Answer 28

could collect lots of details about Hans phobias

Question 29

disadvantage of sample?

Answer 29

hard to generalise results to all kids

Question 30

advantage of self report in this study

Answer 30

could find out lots of info about his thoughts/fantasies/phobias - not possible through other methods

Question 31

disadvantage of self report in this study

Answer 31

may have been asked leading questions and only reported certain convos which support theory

Question 32

advantage of qualitative data in this study

Answer 32

detailed - evidence to support theiry

Question 33

disadvantage of qualitative data in this study

Answer 33

can be subjective and less scientific - interpreted to match theory

Question 34

what ethics were kept

Answer 34

confidentiality
deception
consent

Question 35

what ethics were broken

Answer 35

may have suffered psychological harm and embarassment by being questioned by father about personal issues

Question 36

Discuss ethnocentrism

Answer 36

• unlikely to be same as kids in less privileged places
• phobias are common in kids

Question 37

internal reliability

Answer 37

procedure is not standardised and replicable - asked questions and summarised the convos to F

Question 38

external reliability

Answer 38

Sample isn’t large enough to show consistent effect - cant assume all kids go through psychosexual development like Hans

Freud would say findings are consistent w those from adult patients

Question 39

internal validity

Answer 39

there were much simpler/obvious explanations
leading questions could’ve influenced responses

Question 40

external validity

Answer 40

specific sample doesn’t represent how all kids develop
-girls
-diff ages
-diff cultures