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OM2 - Semester 2 - BECOM Exam 2 > Lee > Flashcards

Lee Flashcards

1
Q

Diazepam

A
  • MOA: GABAa agonist*** -> hyper polarize (open Cl- channels)
  • indications: chronic spasm due to cerebral palsy, stroke, spinal cord injury or acute spams due to muscle injury***
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2
Q

Baclofen

A
  • MOA: GABAb agonist -> hyper polarize (inhibit Ca2+ influx, increase K+ efflux)
  • category C pregnancy drug
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3
Q

Tizanidine

A
  • MOA: alpha2-adrenergic agonist in SPINAL CORD***
  • do NOT use w/ CYP1A2 inhibitors (fluvoxamine and ciprofloxamine)**
  • AE: CYP1A2 inhibition and inducution***
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4
Q

Cyclobenzaprine

A
  • MOA: inhibits stretch reflex in spinal cord

- do NOT use w/ MAO -> seizures* or ptxs w/ past MI, arrhythmias, heart block, conduction probs, or CHF*

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5
Q

Dantrolene

A
  • MOA: block RYR1 channels in SR of skeletal muscle
  • indications: MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA***
  • AE: HEPATOTOXIC and severe DIARRHEA
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6
Q

Botulinum Toxin

A

-MOA: inhibits synaptic exocytosis of vesicles by cleaving SNAP-25 or synaptobrevin-2 -> flaccid paralysis

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7
Q

Levodopa aka L-DOPA

A
  • MOA: precursor to DA -> metabolized to DA by DOPA decarboxylase
  • AE: ANOREXIA, NAUSEA, TACHYCARDIA, postural HYPOTENSION, PSYCHIATRIC PROBS
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8
Q

Bromocriptine

A

-MOA: 1st gen Ergot D2 agonist

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9
Q

Pramipexole

A
  • MOA: 2nd gen Non-ergot D3 agonist

- monotherapy for mild Parkinson’s

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10
Q

Amantadine

A
  • MOA: increase DA synthesis and release and decrease reuptake
  • can cause urinary retention and peripheral edema
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11
Q

Selegiline

A
  • MOA: selective irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B
  • transdermal to prevent amphetamine metabolites
  • do NOT use w/ MEPERIDINE (opioid)**
  • AE: drug interactions w/ MEPERIDINE***
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12
Q

Rasagiline

A
  • MOA: selective irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B

- no metabolites

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13
Q

Tolcapone

A
  • MOA: selective reversible inhibitor of COMT
  • PERIPHERAL and CENTRAL effects
  • NOT used in liver disease/damage
  • AE: hepatic failure
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14
Q

Entacopone

A
  • MOA: selective reversible inhibitor of COMT

- only PERIPHERAL effects

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15
Q

Benztropine

A
  • MOA: anticholinergic and antimuscarinic
  • do NOT use in children <3 y/o*
  • AE: blurred vision, confusion, mydriasis, constipation, urinary retention*
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16
Q

Trihexphenidyl

A
  • MOA: anticholinergic and antimuscarinic
  • do NOT use w/ NARROW ANGLE GLAUCOMA**
  • AE: same + glaucoma and muscle weakness
17
Q

what drug are you not suppose to use w/ drugs like nefazodone, boceprevir, delavirdine or other non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors that are a substrate of CYP3A4?

A

carbamazepine

-induces CYP3A4**

18
Q

oxcarbazepine

A

-does not produce the metabolite causing CYP interactions like carbamazepine does

19
Q

Phenytoin***

A
  • MOA: binds to Na+ channel in inactive state
  • used for STATUS EPILEPTICUS*** (injection)
  • AE: DIPLOPIA, ATAXIA, GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA, HIRSUTISM***
20
Q

Topiramate***

A
  • MOA: binds voltage-gated Na+ channels, GABAa receptor subtypes, and AMPA or kainate receptors
  • NOT used w/ alcohol or ptxs w/ METABOLIC ACIDOSIS who take meformin***
  • AE: IMPAIRED EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE***** and decreased serum bicarb
21
Q

Valproic acid***

A
  • MOA: blocks Na+ channels; increases GABA to brain neurons and enhances GABA action
  • not used in HEPATIC DISEASE (HEPATOTOXIC)***
  • TERATOGEN -> not used in women of childbearing age -> NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS***
22
Q

Ethosuximide***

A
  • MOA: inhibits low-voltage activated T-type Ca2+ channels in thalamocortical neurons
  • used for generalized ABSENCE SEIZURES** (1st line)
  • AE: EFGHIJ -> fatigue, GI distress, headache, itching, SJS
23
Q

AE of Lamotrigene

A

-insomnia, somnolence, skin rash

24
Q

Tiagabine

A
  • MOA: inhibitor of GAT-1 GABA transporter preventing uptake
  • AE: DIZZY, DROWSY, NERVOUSNESS, LACK CONCENTRATION***
25
Q

Vigabatrin

A
  • MOA: inhibits GABA-T -> prevent breakdown

- AE: PERMANENT VISUAL LOSS**

26
Q

Levetiracetam***

A
  • MOA: unknown; binds to SV2A (vesicle membrane protein) reducing release of glutamate
  • one of the MOST COMMONLY prescribed drugs for epilepsy**
  • few AE -> personality change, fatigue, drowsy, headache
27
Q

Gapapentin

A
  • MOA: binds alpha-2-delta1 Ca2+ channels

- AE: somnolence, ataxia

28
Q

Ezogabine (retigabine)

A
  • MOA: allosteric binds KCNQ K+ channels

- AE: PIGMENT DISCOLORATION of RETINA and SKIN***

29
Q

drug that treats focal seizures in elderly

A

lamotrigine

  • also used as mono therapy for focal seizures
  • blocks Na+ and R-type Ca2+ channel & activates HCN K+ channel
30
Q

Phenobarbital

A
  • MOA: allosteric modulators of GABAa at low concentrations and directly binds to GABAa at high concentrations
  • used in status epilepticus (2nd line)
  • hepatotoxic, obstruct airway, porphyria, CNS depression
31
Q

drugs that block AMPA/kainate receptors

A

topiramate and perampanel

-allosteric antagonists

32
Q

drugs that inhibit carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes 2 and 4

A

Topiramate and Zonisamide

OM2 - Semester 2 - BECOM Exam 2 (7 decks)

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