Hensley Flashcards
what cells are most susceptible to injury during neurodegeneration and ischemia?
neurons
astrocyte marker
-stained w/ rhodamine-anti-GFAP
the most common cause of dementia
Alzheimer’s disease
hippocampus
episodic memory and spatial maps
entorhinal cortex
declarative memory and consolidation
Alzheimers Disease
- AB rich plaques
- Tau-protein NFTs (ghost tangles)
- lose cholinergic tracts/neurons -> decrease ACh
how do diagnose Alzheimers disease
sufficient plaques + NFTs combined w/ clinical dementia**
the most toxic A-beta peptides
Oligomers
2 enzymes that hyperphosphorylate Tau
- CDK5
- GSK-3B
microglia
- M1 -> neuroinflammatory
- M2 -> neuroprotective
Familial genetic risk factors for AD
- APP chrom. 21 mut
- Presenilin 1 chrom. 14 mut.
- Presenilin 2 chrom. 1 mut.
- higher risk in Down syndrome -> present earlier
sporadic genetic risk factors for AD
- ApoE4 polymorphism chrom. 19
- E4/E4 (arg-arg) residues
- E2/E2 decreases risk for AD
HDL + ApoE
-amyloid transport out of the brain
Non-genetic risk factors for AD
AGE***
1st line treatment for AD
Cholinesterase inhibitors (1st line)
- inhibit AChE -> increase ACh levels in synaptic cleft
- MILD-MODERATE AD
2nd line treatment for AD
NMDA-subtype, glutamate receptor antagonists
- Memantine** (Namenda)
- MODERATE-SEVERE AD
what meds worsen AD ptxs
benzos
Lewy body dementia (LBD)
-alpha synuclein Lewy bodies
frontotemporal dementia (FTD)
- mutation in Tau (MAPT) gene
- Tau containing NFTs but NO AB plaques
- TDP-43 inclusions most common type
Pick disease
- subtype of FTD
- Tau inclusions
- knife-edge gyri
- PICK BODIES
Corticobasal degeneration
- subtype of FTD
- Tau inclusions
- BALLOON CELLS
where do you see Lewy bodies?
- Lewy body disease
- Parkinsons
