Hensley Flashcards
1
Q
what cells are most susceptible to injury during neurodegeneration and ischemia?
A
neurons
2
Q
astrocyte marker
A
-stained w/ rhodamine-anti-GFAP
3
Q
the most common cause of dementia
A
Alzheimer’s disease
4
Q
hippocampus
A
episodic memory and spatial maps
5
Q
entorhinal cortex
A
declarative memory and consolidation
6
Q
Alzheimers Disease
A
- AB rich plaques
- Tau-protein NFTs (ghost tangles)
- lose cholinergic tracts/neurons -> decrease ACh
7
Q
how do diagnose Alzheimers disease
A
sufficient plaques + NFTs combined w/ clinical dementia**
8
Q
the most toxic A-beta peptides
A
Oligomers
9
Q
2 enzymes that hyperphosphorylate Tau
A
- CDK5
- GSK-3B
10
Q
microglia
A
- M1 -> neuroinflammatory
- M2 -> neuroprotective
11
Q
Familial genetic risk factors for AD
A
- APP chrom. 21 mut
- Presenilin 1 chrom. 14 mut.
- Presenilin 2 chrom. 1 mut.
- higher risk in Down syndrome -> present earlier
12
Q
sporadic genetic risk factors for AD
A
- ApoE4 polymorphism chrom. 19
- E4/E4 (arg-arg) residues
- E2/E2 decreases risk for AD
13
Q
HDL + ApoE
A
-amyloid transport out of the brain
14
Q
Non-genetic risk factors for AD
A
AGE***
15
Q
1st line treatment for AD
A
Cholinesterase inhibitors (1st line)
- inhibit AChE -> increase ACh levels in synaptic cleft
- MILD-MODERATE AD
