Dr. Ally Flashcards
1
Q
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
A
- most common degenerative brain disease
- AGE #1 risk factor
- other risk factors: APP, Presenilin 1 and 2, ApoE4
- histo: beta-amyloid plaques + NFTs
- NO gait probs
- Tx: AChE inhibitors
2
Q
Familial Fatal Insomnia
A
- prion disease
- aut. dominant -> mut. in PRNP gene
- location: THALAMUS and INFERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEI
- no spongioform
3
Q
Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD)
A
- prion disease
- inherited
- histo: spongiform degeneration
4
Q
Huntington’s Disease
A
- HIGHLY familial
- mut. in HTT gene -> CAG repeat
- Sx: CHOREA
- location: CAUDATE NUCLEUS + PUTAMEN (striatum)
- CAUDATE ATROPHY
5
Q
ALS
A
- degenerate neurons controlling voluntary muscles
- death due to RESPIRATORY failure (diaphragm)
6
Q
Parkinson’s
A
- Synucleinopathy
- lack of DOPAMINE in SUBSTANTIA NIGRA
- histo: alpha-synuclein Lewy bodies
- Sx: BRADYKINESIA
- Tx: L-DOPA, CARBIDOPA
7
Q
Lew body disease
A
- Synucleinopathy
- Lewy bodies in MIDBRAIN and cortex
- histo: alpha-synuclein
- Sx: motor problems, FLUCTUATIONS in cognition, VISUAL hallucinations
8
Q
Multiple System Atrophy
A
- Synucleinopathy
- Parkinsonian type (MSA-P) -> gait problems
- Cerebellar type (MSA-C) -> fine movement problems
- histo: alpha-synuclein
9
Q
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
A
- Tauopathy
- histo: Tau proteins in gray matter
- risk factors: CONCUSSIONS -> 1st sign is nausea/emesis
