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A organ developments > Lecturio 3 Development of spinal cord and brainstem > Flashcards

Lecturio 3 Development of spinal cord and brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

Proliferation of neuroepithelial cells

The region closet to the neural canal is called ____

A

Ventricular zone

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2
Q

Proliferation of neuroepithelial cells

What is the ventricular zone? What does it contain?

A

The region closest to the neural canal that contains neuroepithelial cells that are actively dividing

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3
Q

Proliferation of neuroepithelial cells

Neuroepithelial cells migrate into ___ and ____

A

Intermediate zone and marginal zone

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4
Q

Proliferation of neuroepithelial cells

superficial to the marginal zone is (1) ____

A

sclerotomal mesenchyme

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5
Q

Proliferation of neuroepithelial cells

superficial to the marginal zone is sclerotomal mesenchyme that will become ___

A

meninges

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6
Q

Proliferation of neuroepithelial cells

In the spinal cord, the neural canal will become ____

A

The central canal

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7
Q

Proliferation of neuroepithelial cells

In the spinal cord, the neural canal will become The central canal

→ It is lined by _____

A

Ependymal cells derived from the neural tube

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8
Q

Proliferation of neuroepithelial cells

→ IDENTIFY

A
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9
Q

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

Neuroepithelial cells take on different roles depending upon their position relative to a dividing line which is called ___

A

sulcus limitans

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10
Q

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

Cells posterior to the sulcus limitans are in ____

A

the alar plate

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11
Q

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

Cells posterior to the sulcus limitans are in the alar plate and become ___

A

sensory cells and interneurons

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12
Q

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

Cells anterior to the sulcus limitans are in ____

A

the basal plate

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13
Q

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

Cells anterior to the sulcus limitans are in the basal plate and become ___

A

motor neurons

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14
Q

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

The neural tube is closed by a (1)____ posteriorly and (2)____ anteriorly

A
  1. Roof plate
  2. Floor plate
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15
Q

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

→ Identify (left side)

A
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16
Q

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

→ Identify (right side)

A
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17
Q

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

____ in the anterior horn extend axons to the myotome to innervate skeletal muscles

A

Motor neurons

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18
Q

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

____ in the anterior horn extend axons to the myotome to innervate skeletal muscles

A

Motor neurons

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19
Q

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

Motor neurons in ___ extend axons to the myotome to innervate skeletal muscles

A

the anterior horn

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20
Q

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

___ from posterior root ganglia extend axons to the dermatome and into the posterior horn of spinal cord

A

Sensory axons

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21
Q

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

Sensory axons from posterior root ganglia extend axons to ___ and into the posterior horn of spinal cord

A

the dermatome

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22
Q

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

____ in the posterior horn extend axons superiorly to other regions of the central nervous system.

A

Sensory cells

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23
Q

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

___ in the posterior horn extend to motor neurons in the anterior horn

A

Interneurons

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24
Q

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

Interneurons in the posterior horn extend to ____ in the anterior horn

A

motor neurons

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25
Q

Division of Sensory and Motor Neurons

→ identify

A
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26
Q

Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla

The brainstem resembles ____

A

The spinal cord

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27
Q

Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla

Basal plate will form ____

A

motor nuclei

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28
Q

Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla

Alar plate will form ____

A

sensory nuclei

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29
Q

Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla

The basal plate and alar plate are separated by ____

A

the sulcus limitans

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30
Q

Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla

The caudal medulla resembles ___ (structure?)

A

The spinal cord

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31
Q

Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla

The caudal medulla resembles The spinal cord with (1)____ developing on its dorsal side and (2)____ on the ventral side

A
  1. Sensory nuclei
  2. Motor nuclei
32
Q

Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla

→ Identify

33
Q

≈

The cranial medulla has an expanded roof plate covering ____

A

4th ventricle

34
Q

Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla

The cranial medulla has an ___ covering the 4th ventricle

A

expanded roof plate

35
Q

Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla

→ identify

36
Q

Sensory and Motor Neurons in the Medulla

→ Identify

37
Q

Development of the pons

The pons is connected to ____ posteriorly

A

The cerebellum

38
Q

Development of the pons

The pons is connected to The cerebellum posteriorly

→ ___ migrate from the alar plate to a position in the ventral pons

A

The pontine nuclei

39
Q

Development of the pons

The pons is connected to The cerebellum posteriorly

→ The pontine nuclei migrate from ____ to a position in the ventral pons

A

the alar plate

40
Q

Development of the pons

The pons is connected to The cerebellum posteriorly

→ The pontine nuclei migrate from the alar plate to a position in ____

A

the ventral pons

41
Q

Development of the pons

A

The cerebellum

42
Q

Development of the cerebellum

The cerebellum develops as a massive expansion off the (1)____, dorsal to (2) ____

A
  1. The alar plate
  2. The pons
43
Q

Development of the Cerebellum

→ Identify

44
Q

Development of the Midbrain

The alar plate in the midbrain creates ____ in its original position

A

Sensory nuclei

45
Q

Development of the Midbrain

The alar plate in the midbrain creates Sensory in its original position

→ But also give rise to the ___

A

colliculi (visual and sensory processing)

46
Q

Development of the Midbrain

→ Identify

47
Q

Development of the Midbrain

Identify

48
Q

Development of the Midbrain

The basal. plate also gives rise to ____ in its original position

A

Motor nuclei

49
Q

Development of the Midbrain

The basal. plate also gives rise to Motor nuclei in its original position

→ gives rise to ___

A

Other motor nuclei in the ventral midbrain

50
Q

Development of the Midbrain

identify

51
Q

Development of the Thalamus

In the diencephalic region, the alar plate give rise to ___ 93)

A
  1. the epithalamus
  2. pineal gland
  3. multitude of thalamic nuclei
52
Q

Development of the Thalamus

In the diencephalic region, the alar plate give rise to

  1. the epithalamus
  2. pineal gland
  3. multitude of thalamic nuclei

→ these nuclei re-route sensory input from ___ to ____

A

the head, neck and body to various regions of cerebral cortex

53
Q

Development of the Thalamus

The basal plate gives rise to ____

A

Hypothalamic nuclei, which control the body’s basic drive and autonomic activities

54
Q

Development of cerebral cortex

How many embryonic origins does the pituitary gland have?

55
Q

Development of cerebral cortex

→ Identify

56
Q

Development of cerebral cortex

(1)____ extends inferiorly from the diencephalon and meets an extension of epithelium from the early oral cavity which is (2)-__

A
  1. The infundibulum
  2. Rathke’s pounch
57
Q

Development of cerebral cortex

→ Identify

58
Q

Development of cerebral cortex

Rathke’s pouch then detaches from (1)____ and closely associates with (2)___

A
  1. The oral cavity
  2. the infundibulum
59
Q

Development of cerebral cortex

_____ comes from the Rathke’s pouch

A

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

60
Q

Development of cerebral cortex

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland comes from____

A

the Rathke’s pouch

61
Q

Development of cerebral cortex

____ arise from the diencephalon and hypothalamic region

A

The posterior lobe and infundibulum of the pituitary gland

62
Q

Development of cerebral cortex

The posterior lobe and infundibulum of the pituitary gland arise from ____ and ____

A

the diencephalon and hypothalamic region

63
Q

Development of cerebral cortex

Identify

64
Q

Development of cranial nerves

Any sensory activity of a cranial nerve will be linked to ____ in the dorsal portion of the brainstem

A

A sensory nucleus

65
Q

Development of cranial nerves

The cranial nerves that are from the brainstem and spinal cord are linked to the sensory and motor nucleiin its dorsal and ventral regions

→ Any motor activity of a cranial nerve will originate in ____

A

ganglia in the ventral portion of the brainstem

66
Q

Development of cranial nerves

Sensory ganglia associated with ___ develop from neural crest cells

A

CN V, VII, IX & X

67
Q

Development of cranial nerves

The cranial nerves that are from the brainstem and spinal cord are linked ____ and ___ in its dorsal and ventral regions

A

to the sensory and motor nuclei

68
Q

Development of cranial nerves

→ Identify

69
Q

Development of cranial nerves

→ Identify

70
Q

Ascent of spinal cord

During early development, around ____ (week?), the spinal cord extends along the vertebral column

71
Q

Ascent of spinal cord

The cord does elongate at different rate as the rest of the body

→ Its inferior end “ascends”

→ Reaching _____ vertebral level at birth and ____ level at adult

72
Q

Ascent of spinal cord

The spinal nerve roots that exit below that level are stretched and created a structure called ___

A

The caudal equina

73
Q

Ascent of spinal cord

The tapered end of the spinal cord which is called (1)____ remains tethered to the coccygeal vertebrae by a connective tissue thread which is called (2)____

A
  1. Conus medullaris
  2. Filum terminale
74
Q

Ascent of spinal cord

→ Identify

75
Q

Ascent of spinal cord

→ Identify

76
Q

Ascent of spinal cord

→ Identify

77
Q

Ascent of spinal cord

→ Identify

A organ developments (18 decks)

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