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PP Final > Lectures 9-13 > Flashcards

Lectures 9-13 Flashcards

1
Q 
Gilt?
Barrow?
Sow?
Boar?
Weaner?
Piglet?
Shoat?
Fat hog/finisher?
Feeder pig?
A 
Gilt- female that has not farrowed
Barrow- castrated male
Sow- female that has farrowed
Boar- intact male
Weaner- piglet that has been weaned
Piglet- babies not yet weaned 
Shoat- little bit older than a weaner
Fat hog/finisher- ready for market
Feeder pig- older than shoat, getting ready for market
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2
Q

All in/all out?

A

Animals all come in at once and all leave at once
Done for disease control- not mixing ages of pigs/keeping same ages together
Able to deep clean barn/environment after pigs leave

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3
Q

Depop/repop?

A

Getting of population due to disease or other reason and repopulating

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4
Q

PRDC?

A

Porcine resp disease complex

“Shipping fever”

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5
Q

Feedback

A

System used to do all inoculations on farm- take pathogenic material on farm and expose everyone at same time
Useful for rotavirus, TGE, etc

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6
Q

What is one of the most important things in pig raising

A

Biosecurity

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7
Q

Non productive sow day

A

When sows are not gestating or lactating= 3 to 7 days

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8
Q

PEDV

A

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

Used to be foreign animal disease but now in US

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9
Q

Batch farrowing

A

Spread out farrowing at intervals

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10
Q

SEW?
MEW?
MMEW?

A

Segregated early weaning
Medicated early weaning
Modified medicated early weaning

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11
Q

2 and 3 site production

A

Different sites- sows and weaned pigs
Or
Sows, weaned pigs, and finisher pigs

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12
Q

SPF?

A

Specific pathogen free
Primary= c section derived
Secondary= born from primary pigs

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13
Q

Types of pig operations

A 
Farrow to finish
Feeder pig producer
Feeder pig finisher
Pure bred producer
Breeding/genetic companies
Specialty/ niche market (show pigs, roasters, etc)
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14
Q

Which pigs are used as maternal line

A

White pigs- yorkshire, landrace, chester white

Have more teats

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15
Q

Which pigs are used as paternal line

A

“Terminal line”
Colored/dark
Duroc, berkshirem hampshire, spot, poland china

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16
Q

What is used as heat check boar

A

Meishan- because smaller

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17
Q

Terminal cross?

A

Offspring is supposed to be ideal market pig

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18
Q

Maternal cross

A

Offspring is supposed to be best mom

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19
Q

Do you want heterosis?

A

Yes!

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20
Q

Use of abx in swine herd

A

Can be used for
Prevention, treatment, and control (treat disease or to prevent major outbreak)

NOT for gain/feed efficiency

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21
Q

Can you use extra label drug use for feed grade abx

A

NOOOOOOO not at all. very serious

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22
Q

Characteristics for abx

A

Water soluble
Palatable
Check residues/ compatibility
Is it cost effective?

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23
Q

Things to think about before treating animal with abx

A 
Cost of drug vs cost of animal
Withdrawal time
Ease of administration
Is animal marketable after administration?
Is treatment legal?
Vet/client relationship
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24
Q

Biosecurity boils down to:

A

Exclusion
Segregation
Dedication

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25
Q

Acceptable euthanasia under any conditions

A

Carbon dioxide
Captive bolt
Anesthetic overdose

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26
Q

Acceptable euthanasia under certain conditions

A

Gunshot
Electrocution
Blunt force trauma
+/- followed by exsanguination

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27
Q

Advantages of all in/all out

A

Increase feed efficiency and ADG by 8-25%
Decrease death
Increase use of facility
Ease of management

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28
Q

Birth weight of pigs

A

3-3.5 lbs

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29
Q

Weight at weaning

A

21 days- 12 lbs

28 days- 17 lbs

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30
Q

Market weight

A

230-280 lbs

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31
Q

Weight at 8 weeks

A

40 lbs

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32
Q

Age at market weight

A

6 months

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33
Q

On farm with sick, options for rescue?

A

Abx (water, feed, parenteral)
Antiserums
Euthanasia
Other

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34
Q

How to prevent disease

A 
Sanitation
Vaccination
Abx
Management
Genetics
Biosecurity
Other
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35
Q

What to do with pigs 1-3 days

A

Give iron! We’re asking them to grow as hard as they can for 6 months and they are born borderline iron deficient
Keep warm and dry
Take care of navel
+/- tail, ear notch, abx, coccidiostats, antiserum, needle teeth
Castration

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36
Q

Drugs labelled for pain relief in pigs

A

None :(

Only two anti-inflammatories

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37
Q

What to do at day 7

A 
Castrate if not already
Gilt/boar selection
Underline screening for gilts
Creep feed
\+/- vx (immune system is totally ready to respond to vaccines but may need to start vx if high risk; bordetella, pasturella, erysipelas, circovirus
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38
Q

What to do at 14-28 days

A

Iron
Vaccinate (?)- mycoplasma, PRRS, circovirus, erysipelas
Parasite control
Wean/split weaning

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39
Q

What to do at 6-8 weeks

A

Vaccination
Site specific factors
Management factors

40
Q

Prebreeding gilts

A

Selection at 180 pounds
Flush feed and boar exposure to induce puberty
Parasite control
Vaccinate- parvo, lepto, erysipelas

41
Q

Prebreeding sows

A

Vaccinate- parvo, lepto, erysipelas, SIV, PRRSV
Parasites
Biosecurity/ herd immunity

42
Q

Gilts/sows prefarrowing

A

Colostrum management
Vaccinate- e coli, TGE, rotavirus, mycoplasma, clostridium perfringens
Need two 2 doses
Parasites

43
Q

Disease=

A

(Dose x virulence) / resistance

44
Q

Case history of enteric diseases

A

Morbidity/mortality
Age at onset
Duration of signs
Body condition after cessation of diarrhea

45
Q

Clinical exam of enteric diseases

A

Consistency, color, odor, volume
PH
Body temp- not usually helpful
Dehydration

46
Q

What type of necropsy specimen do you want

A

Untreated
Clinical signs less than one day
Several animals

47
Q

Colibacillosis

A

Aka: white scours, wet tail scours, ETEC

Incidence is everywhere

Up to 100% of litters- dirty herds, low temp, low colostrum

Clin signs- profuse yellow/white watery diarrhea 12-24 hours after birth; thickened small intestine on necropsy

48
Q

Colibacillosis pathogenesis

A

Ecoli attach and secrete toxin in fluid of SI

49
Q

Colibacillosis diagnosis

A 
History
Culture pillus antigen
PCR
Histopath
Response to treatment
Impression smear
50
Q

Colicbacillosis treatment and prevention

A

Abx
Fluids
Probiotics

Prevention: clean, dry environment; vaccinate sow

51
Q

TGE

A

Coronavirus

Two versions- epizootic (classic outbreaks in late fall, winter, and spring); enzootic (year round)

Affects all ages unlike colibaccilosis which affects babies

52
Q

TGE clin signs

A

Epizootic- profuse watery diarrhea, milk curds, vomiting

Enzootic- signs variable but usually in weaned pigs

53
Q

TGE pathogenesis

A

Villi is damaged resulting in malabsorption, diarrhea, dehydration
Takes 7-10 days for enterocytes to recover

**necropsy will show thin S.I unlike E coli

54
Q

TGE tx and prevention

A 
Fluids/ supportive care
Prayer
Abx for secondary infections
Wean earlier
Increase temp of sow

Prevention- feedback program, vx, quaratine and test new animals

55
Q

PEDV

A 
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
Coronavirus
All ages effected
Looks like epizootic form of TGE
Destroy villi and enterocytes, thin SI
56
Q

Coccidosis

A

Isospora suis

Sow isn’t the source, its the crate

57
Q

Coccidiosis clinical signs

A

Must be at least 4-5 days old
Gaunt and rough hair coat
Pasty diarrhea
Stunted/runts

58
Q

Necropsy coccidiosis

A

Thickened and turgid intestine

59
Q

Diagnosis of coccidiosis

A

Age!

No response to treatment for E coli

60
Q

Treatment for coccidiosis

A

All extra label

61
Q

Control for coccidiosis

A 
Hygiene
Heat treatment
Quaternary ammonia compounds
Lime treatment of pens
Chlorox
62
Q

Clostridial enteritis

A

Less than 7 to 14 days of age

Hemorrhagic diarrhea!

63
Q

First sign of clostridial enteritis

A

Dead piglets

64
Q

Necropsy clostridial enteritis

A

Blood in intestine

65
Q

Tx of clostridial enteritis

A

Abx- gram positive

Antitoxin

66
Q

Clostridium control

A

Vaccination
Antitoxin
Hygiene
Feed abx to lactating sows on label (bacitracin)

67
Q

Rotavirus

A

Diarrhea- mild
Usually 7-14 days old
Doesn’t damage villi as much as PEDv adn TGE
Thin intestines

68
Q

Diseases of weaned pig

A 
21-28 days
Colibacillosis
Edema disease
Rotavirus
Endemic TGE
69
Q

Diseases of piglets

A 
Colibacillosis (1-3 days old)
TGE 
PEDv (all ages)
Coccidiosis (5 days old at least)
Clostridium (7-14 days old)
Rotavirus (7-14 days old)
70
Q

What should you do when weaning pigs

A

Offer creep feeding
Age grouping
Don’t change food from creep feeding to post-weaning

71
Q

Colibacillosis- weaned pigs

A

Causes post weaning disase or edema disease
Loss of lactogenic immunity, high stomach pH allows e coli overgrowth
No villus damage

72
Q

Edema disease

A

Good doing pigs suddenly die
Edema of gut, eyelids, nervous signs
Within 10 days of weaning

73
Q

Enteric diseases of growing/ finishing pigs

A

Salmonella
Swine dysentery
PIA
Gastric ulcers

74
Q

Salmonella

A

Enteritis or septicemia
S. Cholerasuis
Primary disease of grow/finish pigs
Septicemia- fever, anorexia, cyanosis, diarrhea
Enteric form- fever, dehydration, decreased body condition, fast spreading diarrhea, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, ulcers, rectal strictures

75
Q

Swine dysentery

A 
Brachyspira hyodysenteria
Mucohemorrhagic colitis
Carrier pigs are main source of transmission
Attacks goblet cells (mucus)
Poor bcs, colitis
76
Q

Swine dysentery tx

A

Abx

Depop/repop because it sheds for so long

77
Q

PIA

A 
Porcine intestinal adenomatosis complex
Ileitis
Lawsonia intracellularis
Seen in high health herds
Thickened corrugated cardboard garden hose ileum
78
Q

Gastric ulcers

A

Seen a lot

Any pig not eating is at risk

79
Q

PRDC

A

Porcine resp disease complex
Shipping fever
Pneumonia nursery through finisher
Multifactorial- infectious, environmental, management, comingling

80
Q

Age of PRDC

A

Usually “18 week wall”

81
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia

A

Enzootic pneumonia

Get sick but DONT die; cough, ADR, poor fcr

82
Q

What does mycoplasma affect

A

Mucocilliary apparatus

83
Q

Influenza A

A

Resp tract infection
Aerosol, fomites
Normal flu
Clin signs- explosive outbreaks of coughing (100% morbidity)
Purple red pneumonic lesions, mucus and exudate in airways

84
Q

APP

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Contagious resp disease associated with pleurisy, infarcts
Requires nose to nose contact- very fragile organism

85
Q

Clin signs of APP

A

Acute: fever, anorexia, dyspnea, death, cyanosis, bloody nose

Subacute: same as above but milder, lower mortality, decreased performance

Chronic: same as above but don’t die, can cause abortions

86
Q

PRRS

A

Porcine repro and resp syndrome

Abortions, premature birth, mummies, stillborns, weak piglets, resp syndrome

87
Q

How is PRRS transmitted

A

Aerosol, semen

88
Q

PRRS path findings

A

No gross lesions

Diagnose with clinical signs, history, serology

89
Q

Pasturella multocida

A

Secondary infection always

90
Q

Atrophic rhinitis

A

Seen where air quality is poor, overcrowsing
Coinfection of bordetella and pasturella multocida
Post mortem analysis of snout- butterfly thing

91
Q

Haemophilus parasuis

A

Aka glassers disease
Multisystemic
Meningitis, polyarthritis, polyserositis
Basically everything is inflammed

92
Q

Strep suis

A

Everywhere that there are pigs
Dyspnea, ever, anorexia, lethargy, hunched posture, CNS signs, death
Colonizes tonsils and phagocytized by monocytes

93
Q

Actinobacillus suis

A

Same as other suis-cides

94
Q

Erysipelas

A

Sudden death, skin lesions, arthritis, endocarditis, abortion
Vaccinate!
Most common form is chronic form- arthritis and endocarditis
Skin lesions show up on acute form

95
Q

Porcine circovirus II

A

Post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
5+ wks old, wasting, dyspnea, enlarged lymph nodes, poor bcs

Necrosis of the skin- NOT diamond shaped and mainly on ventrum- porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome

PP Final (5 decks)

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