Lectures 8-9 - Immunity against infection

Question 1

what is the vector for african sleeping sickness (trypansoma spp)?

Answer 1

testse fly

Question 1

what is the vector for Leishmania?

Answer 1

sandfly

Question 2

Trypanosoma brucei undergoes gene rearrangement of which
protein to curb full clearance of the pathogen from the host?

Answer 2

VSG

Question 3

give examples of gram negative bacteria

Answer 3

e coli, campylobactor, salmonella, gonorrhea

Question 4

give examples of gram positive bacteria

Answer 4

staph aureus, streptococcus

Question 5

which type of bacteria has LPS in their membrane and a thin peptidoglycan layer?

Answer 5

gram negative bacteria

Question 6

which type of bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall?

Answer 6

gram positive

Question 7

which features on bacteria induce innate responses?

Answer 7

LPS, peptidoglycan, TLR, NLR

Question 8

opsonisation involves antibodies binding to which receptors on phagocytes to opsonise bacteria ?

Answer 8

FC receptors

Question 9

the MAC complex is best at lysing which type of bacteria? gram neg or pos?

Answer 9

gram negative

Question 10

is mycobacterium leprae (leprosy) intra or extracellular?

Answer 10

intracellular

Question 11

which type of leprosy, tuberculoid or lepromatous, induces a TH 1 response and involves the formation of granulomas?

Answer 11

tuberculoid

Question 12

which type of leprosy, tuberculoid or lepromatous, induces a TH 2 and antibody response and is fatal?

Answer 12

lepromatous

Question 13

which cytokines are mainly involved in the innate defence against viruses?

Answer 13

interferons

Question 14

type 1 interferons prevent the production of what in viruses?

Answer 14

nucleic acids

Question 15

type 2 interferons inhibit which type of T helper cell response?

Answer 15

TH 2

Question 16

name a viral disease in which interferon alpha is used therapeutically?

name two cancers in which it is also used therapeutically?

Answer 16

hepatitis B and C

renal cancer, leukemia, non-hodgkin lymphoma

Question 17

which two components of natural killer cells help to kill virally infected cells?

which ligand is involved?

Answer 17

granzymes and perforin

Fas ligand

Question 18

antibodies recognise which two markers /proteins on viral pathogens in an acquired response. Think covid vaccine?

Answer 18

haemagglutinin and neuraminidase

Question 19

which 3 diseases are associated with someone who has HIV?

Answer 19

Kaposi’s sarcoma, oral candidasis, pneumonia

Question 20

HIV targets CD8+ T cells. True or false?

Answer 20

false, it targets CD4+ t cells

Question 21

which Ig do parasites have a strong resistance against?

Answer 21

IgE