Lectures 8-9

Question 1

McShane and Williams (1992)?

Answer 1

Call for radical victimology
Exposes political economy of and media obsession with traditional victimhood
Radical refocus - consideration of victims family / non-traditional actors

Question 2

Primary, secondary, tertiary victim definition

Answer 2

Primary - direct victim who suffers harm
Secondary - dependents and relatives of primary victim + eye witnesses
Teritary - members of wider population who fear for their health

Question 3

Non-ideal Victims

Answer 3

Croall 2001 - Victims of white collar crime
McGee 2000 - domestic abuse
Fattah 1986 - Victims of CJS
Chopin 2023 - disabled victims
Pickles 2023 - Sexuality and identity
Jewkes 2015 - media as vacarious participants, increase in victim blaming

Question 4

Role of victims in CJS originally

Answer 4

System that disempowered victims in 18th and 19th century
Not given updates about case
Only role to provide information / act as witnesses
Walklate (2018) - victim given no role in deciding prosecution or sentencing
Hamerton and Hobbs (2014 )- last 30 years = reactive rather than responsive

Question 5

What is attrition in relation to CJS and examples

Answer 5

number of crimes that made it through the agencies of CJS to reach the court
Gekoski et al. (2023) - less than 1 in 100 rape cases leading to conviction

Question 6

What is secondary victimisation

Answer 6

Poor treatment of victims by others / CJS can leave people re victimised
Davies (2007) - witnesses/ victims often reported feeling undervalued and forgotten (women interrorgated)

Question 7

Dignan (2005)?

Answer 7

period prior to 1990s = era of disenfranchisement for victims
neglect of victims - not in charge of their cases investigations due to offence being against the state rather than the individual

Question 8

Examples of modern victim services

Answer 8

Criminal injuries compensation scheme (CICS)
Victim support
Victim personal statements
Victims Code (keep victims up to date)

Question 9

Applegate (2006)?

Answer 9

Alternative trial arrangements greatly improve victims experiences (live links, video recorded interviews, removal of wigs+gowns)

Question 10

What is restorative justice?

Answer 10

A process where all parties with a stake in the offence collectively resolve the aftermath (Marshall, 1996)
Dignan 2005 - gives victims a voice

Question 11

Critique of current policy?

Answer 11

Newlove (2017)
Victims not always reciving their entitlement as set out in the victims code
Victims need to be recognised as integral part of CJS
Baird (2021)
Rape reviews not making progress = failure in public policy
New legislation is needed to help deal with domestic abuse cases
Mawby 2016
government support for victims is coming to an end