Lectures 4-5

Question 1

Why is the UK welfare state called a “liberal model”

Answer 1

Shift towards “workfare” - against “something for nothing”
People deserve based on their contribution
Post brexit - migrant workers less deserving

Question 2

Social policy definition

Answer 2

Collective provision enhancing human welfare

Question 3

Key elements of liberalism (Deeming, 2017)

Answer 3

Individualism
Liberty
Equality (of opportunity)
Rule of law
Limited Government

Question 4

Liberal welfare state type (Esping-Anderson, 1990)

Answer 4

When in need citizens should be self reliant (savings/pension/private health care)
If self reliance fails - state provides
(needs-tested low level benefits)
Main recipients
low income, working class, unemployed

Question 5

Does evidence support the UK has liberal welfare state

Answer 5

Yes
Low means tested benefits
Low social insurance benefits
30% points under poverty line on average
Universal credit =63% of NLW

Question 6

Deeming 2015?

Answer 6

institutionalised deservingness, work as condition for welfare, “workfare”
goal to tackle the problem of worklessness = welfare conditionality for: Jobseekers, disabled, single parents

Question 7

Deservingness in UK WST after brexit

Answer 7

Brexit motivated by public concern, migrant not seen as deserving (welfare state abuse)
EU workers need visa, no longer entitled to child benefits and pay healthcare surcharge
Meyer/Bridgen (2022) - Before 2021 workers who came from EU had identical access to benefits

Question 8

Baumberg (2016)?

Answer 8

Stigma and social security
Stigma as a form of violence
Feelings of disrespect and embarrassment
Behaviour devalues their identity
(state support = weak)
27% less likely to claim benefits out of shame
Low claim areas more stigmatised
Benefits more stigmatising in liberal welfare state

Question 9

Greenstein et al. (2016)?

Answer 9

Bedroom tax
Reduction in benefits for claimants with more benefits than specified
Individuals held responsible for structural problems

Question 10

Jun (2019)?

Answer 10

Single mothers who recieve welfare
public opinion = undeserving
Feelings of being a burden/shame
concealing status
withdrawing from friends and family

Question 11

How to reduce stigma?

Answer 11

Titmuss 1968 - universal rights (NHS) - compensation - price we pay to some people for baring costs of others progress.
less stigma in media rhetoric
more tax credits/ universal benefits
Bidadanure 2019 - universal basic income