Lectures 6 and 7 - Childhood Psychiatric Disorders

Question 1

In Piaget’s theory of development, ______ are the individual “units” of learning. Those that are innate, are considered primitive reflexes (e.g. grasping in children).

Answer 1

Schema

Question 2

______ describes when novel situations fit existing schema.

______ describes when existing schema must be altered to allow novel situations to fit within them.

______ is the driving force behind Accommodation –> we want to resolve the discomfort experienced when novel situations don’t fit our existing schema.

Answer 2

Assimilation

Accommodation

Equilibration

Question 3

Piaget’s 4 stages of development:

1. _______ (0-2 years) –> underpinned by Object permanence (development of Object permanence required for progression to next level).
2. ______ (2-7 years) –> underpinned by Symbolic thought, Language, and Egocentrism
3. ______ _______(7-11 years) –> underpinned by Logical reasoning, recognize that their are view points other than your own, Conservation of number, volume, and weight.
4. ______ _______ (11+ years) –> underpinned by abstract and hypothetical thought, identity, morality, behavior, deductive logic.

Answer 3

1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
3. Concrete Operational
4. Formal Operational

Question 4

Freud’s stages:

1. Oral (Birth to ____ year)
2. Anal (___-___ years)
3. Phallic stage (___-___years)
4. Latent Stage (____-puberty)
5. Genital stage (puberty to death)

Answer 4

1 year

1-3years

3-6years

6-puberty

Question 5

The most common presentation of Depression in Children is ______.

Answer 5

Anger

Question 6

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Symptoms must be present for more than _____ months in 2 or more settings (i.e. school, home, recreational setting) ANNNND symptoms must negatively impact function in social, educational, or professional settings.

People < 17 years old MUST show at least _____ symptoms, while those > 17 MUST show at least _____ symptoms.

A diagnosis requires that Some symptoms are/were present prior to the age of _____.

Answer 6

6 months

6

5

12

Question 7

Is ADHD more prevalent in Males or Females?

Very low _____ _____ is the greatest risk factor.

Answer 7

Males

Birth Weight

Question 8

First line treatment for ADHD treatment is ______ intervention and/or Medication.

Answer 8

Behavioral Intervention

Question 9

First line Medications for ADHD are _______. ________ and Dextroamphetamine are two examples. They act by inhibiting the reuptake of _____ and _____ into presynaptic neurons.

Answer 9

Stimulants

Methylphenidate

Norepi

Dopamine

Question 10

2nd line medications for ADHD include ______, which acts by selectively inhibiting the reuptake of _______ ONLY.

Answer 10

Atomexetine

Norepi

Question 11

3rd line medications for ADHD include _____ 2 agonists, such as _____ and Guanfacine.

Answer 11

Alpha-2 agonists

Clonidine

Question 12

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is characterized by the presence of ____ (how many?) symptoms for at least _____ months. Keep in mind these symptoms are not considered abnormal if exhibited during interactions with ______.

Answer 12

4

6

Siblings

Question 13

Is ODD more prevalent in Males or Females?

Answer 13

Males

Question 14

Conduct Disorder is different from ODD in that patients with Conduct Disorder derive pleasure from malicious behavior. Also, diagnosis requires at least _____ symptoms present for at least ______ months WITH at least ____ symptom present for the last _____ months.

Answer 14

3 symptoms

12 months

1 symptom

6 months

Question 15

Treatment for Conduct Disorder focusses on the treatment of ______ psychiatric conditions.

Answer 15

Comorbid (i.e. ODD and/or ADHD).

Question 16

What is Coprolalia vs Echolalia?

Answer 16

Coprolalia –> vocal tic involving obscenities

Echolalia –> repeating last heard word.

Question 17

Tourette’s Syndrome is defined as BOTH multiple Motor tics AND one or more Vocal tics. The tics may wax and wane, but diagnosis requires tics have persisted for more than ____ year since onset. Onset is before age ____.

Answer 17

1 year

18

Question 18

Prepubertal children with Tourette’s are at risk for developing ____ and ____, while Adolescents are at risk for developing ____ disorder and Substance use disorder.

Answer 18

ADHD

OCD

Mood disorder

Question 19

Treatment for Tourette’s includes Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) for habit reversal and/or _______ (medication) that acts to decrease DA via inhibiting vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2).

2nd line treatment can include ____-2 agonists (same as 3rd line for ADHD) Clonidine and _______. Sometimes, antipsychotics like Fluphenazine or Risperidone are used.

Answer 19

Tetrabenazine

Alpha-2 agonists

Guanfacine

Question 20

Separation Anxiety is developmentally INAPPROPRIATE in children older than _____.

These children are treated with _____ ____ Therapy, and in severe indications this can be combined with SSRIs.

Answer 20

2

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Question 21

Autism Spectrum Disorder is NOT an ______ disability, though it is often linked with these.

Answer 21

Intellectual

Question 22

_____ syndrome is an X-linked disorder present ONLY in Females, as males die in utero. It is characterized by normal development up through about 6-18months, with subsequent loss of milestones. Look for a young female presenting with hand ______ and loss of milestones.

Answer 22

Rett syndrome

Hand Flapping