lectures

Question 1

consortia

Answer 1

collaborations between universities and firms for innovative solutions

Question 2

red ocean strategy

Answer 2

competes in existing market and beats the competition. it exploits existing demand and makes the value-cost trade-off. it uses differentation or a low-cost strategy.

Question 3

blue ocean strategy

Answer 3

creates uncontested market space and makes the competition irrelevant. it creates and captures new demand and breaks the value-cost trade-off. it depends on a differentiation or low-cost strategy.

Question 4

screening questions

Answer 4

used to assess dimensions of the project decision including (1) role of customer, (2) role of capabilities, and (3) project timing and cost.

Question 5

conjoint analysis

Answer 5

family of techniques used to estimate the value individuals place on some attribute of choice. it shows the relative value of features of a product or the relative importance of different outcomes of a development project

Question 6

collective research organisation

Answer 6

organisations formed to facilitate collaboration among a group of firms.

Question 7

sensing barriers

Answer 7

relate to an organization’s lack of ability to sense threats and opportunities key to survival in a rapidly changing environment.

Question 8

innovation barriers

Answer 8

linked to innovation capabilities: internal organizational innovation capabilities that are critical to the survival of incumbents in the face of digital disruption.

Question 9

integration barriers

Answer 9

relate to integration capabilities: “reliable, repeatable communication and coordination activity directed toward the introduction and modification of products, capabilities & business models”

Question 10

boundary spanners

Answer 10

collect information and resources within and outside the firm. they are the bridge between different groups, departments or organisations facilitating communication and coordination across boundaries. they ensure effective communication.

Question 11

ambassador activities

Answer 11

represent a team to others and protect from interference.

Question 12

task coordination activities

Answer 12

coordinate a team’s activities with other groups.

Question 13

scouting activities

Answer 13

scan for ideas and information thay may be useful to the team.

Question 14

team administration

Answer 14

managing & coordinating the administrative aspects of the team’s work, eg. scheduling meetings, maintaining project documentation.

Question 15

decentralised self-coordination

Answer 15

all R&D is conducted by decentralised divisions that coordinate loosely with each other. coordination relies on corporate culture. it is suited for modular innovations.

Question 16

system integrator as coordinator

Answer 16

most R&D activity is conducted by decentralised divisions, but each coordinates with a central integrator who is responsible for coordination. it builds common understanding and translates knowledge across divisions. it tracks progress and contributions.

Question 17

core team as system architect

Answer 17

core team takes lead role in R&D activities while also coordinating the R&D activities of decentralised divsions.

Question 18

centralised venture team

Answer 18

R&D resources are transferred to a centralised venture team, which conducts all R&D activities. it maximises integration and coordination. a powerful senior manager has the authority to allocate resources and define responsibilities.

Question 19

delayed launch

Answer 19

strategy of launch timing where product is launched when it is fully ready for the market.

Question 20

competitive response launch

Answer 20

launch timing strategy when a product is launched in response to competitor’s launch

Question 21

cost-plus pricing

Answer 21

fixed percentage to product cost.

Question 22

value-based pricing

Answer 22

perceived value for consumer.

Question 23

dynamic pricing

Answer 23

adjust price based on supply and demand.

Question 24

psychological pricing

Answer 24

appeal to the customer’s emotions and perceptions.

Question 25

bundle pricing

Answer 25

bundle products at a discounted price.

Question 26

original equipment manufacturers

Answer 26

companies that buy products (or components) from other manufacturers and assemble or customize them and sells them under its own brand name.

Question 27

connectors

Answer 27

have an exceptionally large and diverse circle of acquaintances. they have a knack for remembering names and important dates.

Question 28

mavens

Answer 28

driven to obtain and disseminate knowledge about one or more of their interests. they will track prices and tend to be consumer activists. they like helping other consumers.

Question 29

salespersons

Answer 29

naturally talented persuaders. they have the acute ability to send and respond to nonverbal cues.