chapter 11 Flashcards
development cycle time
the time elapsed from project initiation to product launch, usually measured in months or years. this time should be minimised.
sequential parallel development process
proceeds from one development stage to another in sequential fashion. however, if one part is slowed down, the whole process slows down.
partly parallel development process
a development process in which some (or all) of the development activities at least partially overlap. that is, if activity A would precede activity B, activity B might commence before activity A is completed.
concurrent engineering
a type of parallel development process which involves not only conducting the typical product development stages simultaneously but also considers downstream stages of a product’s lifecycle such as maintenance and disposal.
beta testing
used to get customers early in the development process. involving customers is helpful because they are most able to identify the maximum performance capabilities and minimum service requirements of a new product.
championing
having a senior champion guide the project.
beta version
an early working prototype of a product released to users for testing feedback. some studies suggest companies should focus on lead users instead of large sample of customers.
lead users
customers who face the same general needs of the marketplace but are likely to experience them months or years earlier than the rest of the market and stand to benefit disproportionately from solutions to those needs.
crowdsourcing
a distributed problem-solving model whereby a design problem or production task is presented to a group of people who voluntarily contribute their ideas and effort in exchange for compensation, intrinsic rewards, or a combination of both.
stage-gate processes
provides a blueprint for moving projects through different stages of development. it incorporates go/kill decision points. at each stage, a cross-functional team undertakes parallel activities to drive down the risk of a development project. also, the team is required to gather vital technical, market, and financial information to use in the decision to move the project forward (go),
abandon the project (kill), hold, or recycle the project.
go/kill decision points
work with gates, established in the development process where managers must evaluate whether or not to kill the project or allow it to proceed. after each stage in the production process, questions and metrics are used to decide what to do.
Exxon Research and Engineering’s Stage-Gate System
adapted the stage-gate process to more specifically meet the needs of the firm or industry.
Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
a process to coordinate the communication and coordination amongst engineering, marketing, and manufacturing personnel. it achieves this by taking managers through a problem-solving process in a very structured fashion. it completes a matrix in a series of steps. it can be used in diverse settings.
Design for Manufacturing (DFM)
a method of facilitating integration between engineering and manufacturing, and of bringing issues of manufacturability into the design process as early as possible. it a way of structuring the new product development process. often this involves articulating a series of design rules.
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
a method by which firms can identify potential failures in a system, classify them according to their severity, and put a plan into place to precent the failures from happening.
