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1 CEP > Lectures 1-5 > Flashcards

Lectures 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

AChR’s - nicotinic agonist and antagonist?

A

Nicotine agonist

Curare antagonist

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2
Q

AChR’s - muscarinic antagonist

A

Atropine

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3
Q

Where is the first neurone in the SNS?

A

spinal chord ganglia

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4
Q

where is the first neurone in the PNS

A

cranium

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5
Q

How many parts does the AChR have?

A

5

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6
Q

What is the secondary neurotransmitter for the SNS?

A

noradrenaline

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7
Q

What does the mass action law tell us?

A

The concentration of the ligand receptor complex over time

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8
Q

What does radioligand binding assay measure?

A

The radioactivity of a ligand is used to measure the concentration when bound to a receptor

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9
Q

What do ligand gated ion channels cause?

A

depolarisation of the membrane

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10
Q

What type of receptors are ligand gated ion channels?io

A

ionotropic

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11
Q

What kind of receptors are GCPR’s?

A

metabotropic

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12
Q

What allows the G protein subunits to reassemble?

A

The hydrolysis of GTP in the alpha subunit

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13
Q

What does G alpha S do?

A

activates adenyl cyclase

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14
Q

what does G alpha i do?

A

deactivates adenyl cyclase

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15
Q

What does Gq do?

A

stimulates Phospholipase C

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16
Q

What does PIP3 do?

A

splits into insP3 and DAG

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17
Q

Explain the interaction between cAMP and PKA

A

cAMP binds to the regulatory subunits of PKA, releasing the catalytic subunits
They then phosphorylate target proteins and enter the nucleus, they phosphorylate CREB, which then recruits a CREB binding protein
The complex the activates transcription

18
Q

What do kinase-linked receptors do?

A

phosphorylation of proteins

19
Q

In the hypothalamus, what secretes TRH?

A

neurones

20
Q

where to ductless endocrine glands secrete?

A

directly into the body

21
Q

What is TRH

A

thyrotropin releasing hormone

22
Q

What is TSH and where is it secreted?

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

secreted in the anterior pituitary

23
Q

how are protein hormones formed from their precursors

A

proteolysis

24
Q

What are corticotrophs

A

basophilic cells in the anterior pituitary which produce pre-pro-opiomelanocortins, which produce an ACTH

25
Q

What is ACTH?

A

adenocorticotropic hormone

26
Q

What is ACTH produced from?

A

corticotrophs - pre-pro-opiomelanocotrtins

27
Q

How does cholesterol reach the mitochondria

A

steroid acute regulatory hormone (StAR)

28
Q

Generally, where are steroid hormones produced?

A

adrenal cortex

29
Q

What are the 5 groups of steroid hormones?

A 
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Androgens
Estrogens
Progestogens
30
Q

Are amine hormones lipophilic or lipophobic?

A

lipophilic

31
Q

What is T4?

A

thyroxine - inactive precursor to T3

32
Q

How are hyrdophobic hormones carried in the blood?

A

carrier proteins

33
Q

expand on the term ‘ligand-inducible transcription factors’

A

steroid hormone bind to specific hormone response elements (HRE’s) in promotor regions, the TF’s are hence the receptors they bind to

34
Q

What is K(D)?

A

concentration of the drug resulting in half of the available receptors being occupied

35
Q

What are Ca2+ channels blocked by?

A

nifedipine

36
Q

What is a super agonist?

A

an agonist which doesn’t have to bind to all the receptors to give maximal efficacy

37
Q

Name 4 types of drug receptors

A

enzymes
ion channels
transporters
physiological receptors

38
Q

What are dirty drugs?

A

drugs with many targets

39
Q

When do nicotinic ACh receptors become visible?

A

They are low affinity, so only when the higher affinity muscarinic receptors become poisoned

40
Q

What does atropine do?

A

lowers blood pressure

41
Q

Name the 5 receptor super families

A 
Integral ion channels
Integral tyrosine kinases
steroid (nuclear receptors)
GCPR's
Cytokines

1 CEP (8 decks)

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