Lecture XIII

Question 1

Differences between Low Frequency and High Frequency stimulation

Answer 1

LF : Strong as patient can tolerate; Spinal cord- Enkephalin, Dynophin B; Midbrain-Enkephalin, Serotonin, NE; Pituitary- B-endorphin, ACTH- EFFECT BLOCKED BY NALOXONE; analgesia SLOW ONSET LONG DURATION, cumulative effects

HF: Paitent can barely feel it; Spinal cord- GABA; Effect not blocked by Naloxone, analgesia FAST ONSET SHORT DURATION, non-cumulative effect

Question 2

NIH Consensus Panel Recommended Uses for Acupuncture

Answer 2

promising results have emerged, for example, showing efficacy of acupuncture in adult postoperative and chemotherapy nausea and vomiting and in postoperative dental pain.

There are other situations such as addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma, in which acupuncture may be useful as an adjunct treatment or an acceptable alternative or be included in a comprehensive management program.

Question 3

Thermocouple Effect of Kelvin-Thomas

Answer 3

THERMOCOUPLE EFFECT OF KELVIN-THOMAS describes a gradient along the length of a homogenous conductor with a temperature gradient produced by the ends of the conductor at different temperatures.- Warm at tip cool at the handle

Question 4

Benedick’s Effect

Answer 4

The current along a uniform conductor is rein- forced by the electro-magnetic effect between the second (spiraled) metal of the handle in contact with the first metal of the shaft.
Typical needle is 1 to 8 cm long, 0.3-0.4mm in diameter or 28 to 26 gauge
Electrical potential is 3 microvolts, the tip at body temperature and the handle at T˚