Lecture X

Question 1

Inhaled Anesthetics Side Effects

Answer 1

1- CNS- Decrease brain metabolic rate, reduce resistance and increase cerebral blood flow, causing an increase in intercrainial pressure
2- Cardio- Depressant
3- Vascular- Muscle Relaxant, decrease blood flow to liver and kidney
4- Respiratory- Regular, Rapid and Shallow Leading to increased in arterial CO2. Bronchodilators

Question 2

Desflurane

Answer 2

Pulmonary Irritant so may cause bronchospasms

Question 3

Prolonged NO exposure

Answer 3

Megaloblastic anemia

Question 4

Hyperthermia with anesthetics

Answer 4

When used with neuromuscular blockers and anesthetics due to an uncontrolled release of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Treat with Dantrolene

Question 5

Propofol

Answer 5

Anesthesia is Rapid and recovery is more rapid

Anti-emetic

Induces hypotension through the decrease in peripheral resistance

Respiratory depression

Question 6

Thiopental

Answer 6

Barbituate (GABA) that is highly lipid soluble.

Rapid entry into brain where it causes vasoconstriction- can decrease intracrainal pressure

Circulatory depressant

Require hepatic elminiation

Question 7

Ketamine

Answer 7

NDMA receptor antagonis

Patient remains conscious but has catatonia, analgesia and amnesia “Dissociative anesthesia”

Cardiovascular stimulant

Bronchodilator

Increases intra crainial pressure

Would use it in a trauma, i.e. gunshot wounds, car accidents. For short procedures

Question 8

Etomidate

Answer 8

Rapid induction with barely any change in respiratory or cardiac rates. Has a short duration of action.

Long term use can cause adrenal supppression

Vasoconstrictor and can cause nausea after use