LECTURE XII

Question 1

these are agents that induce congenital malformations

Answer 1

teratogens

Question 2

this is the result of non therapeutic drugs causing cognitive problems, behavioral problems, facial features, and increased likelihood of miscarriage and prematurity

Answer 2

fetal alcohol syndrome caused by alcohol

Question 3

this anti seizure drug causes this syndrome with the newborn displaying cleft lip or cleft palate, susceptibility fo congenital heart disease, delayed growth with cognitive defects

Answer 3

fetal hydantoin syndrome

Question 4

this infectious disease is due to the virus infecting the embryo with the baby having cardiac defects, cataracts, deafness, microcephaly, chorioretinitis, mental retardation, glaucoma

Answer 4

rubella virus or German measles

Question 5

an abnormality inherited and present at birth?

Answer 5

congenital infection

Question 6

often referred to period from 7 mo of gestation to 1 mo after birth

Answer 6

perinatal

Question 7

this infectious disease occurs to the embryo when the mother gets infected during the embryonic period, the baby shows skin abnormalities, muscle atrophy, mental retardation

Answer 7

chicken pox, varicella zoster virus

Question 8

this is an infectious disease when an intracellular parasite causes infection from cats, the mother gets it from eating infected food which then gets to the fetus, this causes intracerebral calcification, chorioretinitis, microphthalmia

Answer 8

toxoplasma gondii

Question 9

this is a stage of syphillis that affects the mother during the fetal period and then the fetus gets infected?

Answer 9

primary syphilis

Question 10

this stage of syphilis in which this can lead to congenital syphilis in the newborn without malformation?

Answer 10

secondary or tertiary syphilis

Question 11

this disease is due to nonteratogenic infections that can lead to congenital infection and so this one can have affect the baby via mom during the embryonic or fetal period, abortion and stillbirth can happen, no malformations associated, this disease infects and lyses erythroblasts, no vaccines

Answer 11

erythema infectiosum

Question 12

this disease is due to nonteratogenic infections that can lead to congenital infection, primary infection in women during fetal period can lead to fetal infection, this is acquired from contaminated water, headache, fever, myalgia, rash presentation

Answer 12

leptospira interrogans

Question 13

what is the outcome of exposure to teratogens during the zygotic period?

Answer 13

death of embryo and spontaneous abortion

Question 14

what is the outcome of exposure to teratogens during the embryonic period?

Answer 14

major congenital anomalies

Question 15

what is the outcome of exposure to teratogens during the fetal period?

Answer 15

functional defects and minor anomalies

Question 16

this type of agent induces congenital malformations and has the potential to infect the fetus in utero and be born with a congenitally acquired infection?

Answer 16

teratogenic agent

Question 17

what major malformations are associated with alcohol?

Answer 17

fetal alcohol syndrome, IUGR; microencephaly, ocular anomalies, joint abnormalities, short palpebral fissures

Question 18

what major malformations are associated with antineoplastic chemotherapeutic agents?

Answer 18

CNS, skeletal effects, cleft palate, renal problems

Question 19

what major malformations are associated with lithium?

Answer 19

heart defects

Question 20

what major malformations are associated with rubella virus?

Answer 20

cataracts, glaucoma, chorioretinitis deafness, microphthalmia, congenital heart defects

Question 21

what major malformations are associated with Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 21

microencephaly, mental retardation, microphthalmia, congenital heart defects

Question 22

what major malformations are associated with Treponema palladium?

Answer 22

hydrocephalus, congenital deafness, mental retardation, abnormal teeth and bones

Question 23

what major malformations are associated with Warfarin?

Answer 23

fetal hemorrhage and malformation and CNS deformity

Question 24

what major malformations are associated with Androgens?

Answer 24

varying degrees of masculinization of femal fetuses, ambiguous external genitalia caused by labial fusion and clitoral hypertrophy

Question 25

what major malformations are associated with Amphetamines?

Answer 25

heart defects

Question 26

what major malformations are associated with Tetracycline?

Answer 26

skeletal and teeth

Question 27

what major malformations are associated with chloroquine?

Answer 27

CNS damage

Question 28

what major malformations are associated with dilantin?

Answer 28

multiple malformations, fetal hydantoin syndrome

Question 29

what major malformations are associated with potassium iodide?

Answer 29

fetal goiter and congenital hypothyroidism

Question 30

what major malformations are associated with vitamin A.

Answer 30

defects of head, neck and face

Question 31

what major malformations are associated with ionizing radiation?

Answer 31

x-rays, radiation (atomic bomb)