DEFINITIONS

Question 1

protection and temperature control. Similar origin to labia majora

Answer 1

scrotum

Question 2

seminiferous tubules
rete testes
interstitial (Leydig) cells for testosterone synthesis
Sertoli cells for the blood/testes barrier

Answer 2

testes

Question 3

blood vessels, nerves, vas deferens, cremaster muscle

Answer 3

spermatic cord

Question 4

sperm maturation up to 15 ft long

Answer 4

epididymis

Question 5

seminal vesicle for alkaline fluids, fructose and prostaglandins

Answer 5

ductus deferens and associated glands

Question 6

for ejaculation and transport of sperm

Answer 6

ejaculatory duct

Question 7

slightly acidic, critic acid, lipids urethra

Answer 7

prostate gland

Question 8

lubrication

Answer 8

bulbourethral gland

Question 9

loss of a segment of the genetic material from a chromosome?

Answer 9

deletion

Question 10

a chromosome segment occurs more than once?

Answer 10

duplication

Question 11

the order of several genes is reversed from the normal order?

Answer 11

inversion

Question 12

a chromosome with two identical arms?

Answer 12

isochromosome

Question 13

ring chromosome?

Answer 13

ring

Question 14

the long arms of two acrocentric chromosomes become joined to a common centromere?

Answer 14

robertsonian translocation

Question 15

interchange of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes?

Answer 15

translocation

Question 16

what were the lessons from the human genome?

Answer 16

we are a relatively new species

we are 99.9% identical

over 3 million bases being commonly variable in humans (polymorphisms) which explains human variability

Question 17

why leverage recombination frequencies?

Answer 17

for linkage maps

use recombination frequencies to build a linkage map

genetic mapping (means to build a genetic map with a set of markers (genes or SNPs))

linkage mapping (means to map a major gene of a trait to a genetic map)

QTL mapping (means to map a quantitative observable trait loci to a singular linkage group)

Question 18

what stage of development is this?

LH and FSH levels are low despite the absence of negative feedback (no gonadal steroids to keep GnRH activity low); plasma FSH levels are greater than LH levels

Answer 18

pre-puberty

Question 19

what stage of development is this?

Somatic trigger that engages a pulsatile pattern of LH and FSH secretion; the ratio of plasma LH to FSH rises

Answer 19

puberty

Question 20

what stage of development is this?

decreased production of gonadal hormones leads to loss of negative feedback on hypothalamus with dramatic increase in release of FSH and LH; plasma FSH levels are greater than LH levels

Answer 20

Senescence