LECTURE X Flashcards
oncogene
cancer causing gene
proto oncogene
promote cell growth
tumor suppressor gene
a gene that regulates a cell from advancing to cancer. When this gene is mutated it results in a loss or reduction in its function; in combination with other genetic mutations this could allow the cell to grow abnormally
cell cycle
consists of different phases of cell development: G1,S,G2, M
mitotic spindle
the macromolecular machine that segregates chromosomes to two daughter cells during mitosis
growth factor and growth factor receptor
abhorrent protein that stimulate cell division proliferation and differentiation
cyclin D
cyclin protein that drives the G1/S phase transition
cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)
regulatory cyclin proteins involved in the control of cell division
cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI)
a protein which inhibits the enzyme cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). Several function as tumor suppressor proteins.
RB1 gene
indicated in retinoblastoma (inherited) and other non inherited cancers
pRB
protein used to prevent the cell from growing to quickly. When the genes responsible for making this protein are knocked out retinoblastoma can occur
RAS
A family of genes that make proteins involved in cell signaling pathways that control cell growth and cell death
angiogenesis
the development of new blood vessels
translocation, examples?
transfer of genes from one chromosome to another
Burkitt lymphoma
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
DNA repair
genes used to repair “broken genes” some genes like BRCA1 can become mutated and thus an oncogene
apoptosis gene
genes like p53 that route the cell to apoptosis
p53 protein
aids in the repair of cells via transcriptional up regulation of target genes
Li Fraumeni syndrome
TP53 mutation
autosomal dominant
sporadic cancer
Cancer that occurs in people who do not have a family history of that cancer or an inherited change in their DNA that would increase their risk for that cancer
familial cancer
Cancer that occurs in families more often than would be expected by chance. These cancers often occur at an early age, and may indicate the presence of a gene mutation that increases the risk of cancer. They may also be a sign of shared environmental or lifestyle factors
telomeres
repeats of the same nucleotide sequence at the ends of chromosomes and protects them from erosion
neoplastic progression
continued development of the cancer cell
metastasis
development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer
cell transformation
normal to abnormal, like a normal cell that becomes cancerous
