LECTURE X

Question 1

oncogene

Answer 1

cancer causing gene

Question 2

proto oncogene

Answer 2

promote cell growth

Question 3

tumor suppressor gene

Answer 3

a gene that regulates a cell from advancing to cancer. When this gene is mutated it results in a loss or reduction in its function; in combination with other genetic mutations this could allow the cell to grow abnormally

Question 4

cell cycle

Answer 4

consists of different phases of cell development: G1,S,G2, M

Question 5

mitotic spindle

Answer 5

the macromolecular machine that segregates chromosomes to two daughter cells during mitosis

Question 6

growth factor and growth factor receptor

Answer 6

abhorrent protein that stimulate cell division proliferation and differentiation

Question 7

cyclin D

Answer 7

cyclin protein that drives the G1/S phase transition

Question 8

cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)

Answer 8

regulatory cyclin proteins involved in the control of cell division

Question 9

cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI)

Answer 9

a protein which inhibits the enzyme cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). Several function as tumor suppressor proteins.

Question 10

RB1 gene

Answer 10

indicated in retinoblastoma (inherited) and other non inherited cancers

Question 11

pRB

Answer 11

protein used to prevent the cell from growing to quickly. When the genes responsible for making this protein are knocked out retinoblastoma can occur

Question 12

RAS

Answer 12

A family of genes that make proteins involved in cell signaling pathways that control cell growth and cell death

Question 13

angiogenesis

Answer 13

the development of new blood vessels

Question 14

translocation, examples?

Answer 14

transfer of genes from one chromosome to another

Burkitt lymphoma
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Question 15

DNA repair

Answer 15

genes used to repair “broken genes” some genes like BRCA1 can become mutated and thus an oncogene

Question 16

apoptosis gene

Answer 16

genes like p53 that route the cell to apoptosis

Question 17

p53 protein

Answer 17

aids in the repair of cells via transcriptional up regulation of target genes

Question 18

Li Fraumeni syndrome

Answer 18

TP53 mutation

autosomal dominant

Question 19

sporadic cancer

Answer 19

Cancer that occurs in people who do not have a family history of that cancer or an inherited change in their DNA that would increase their risk for that cancer

Question 20

familial cancer

Answer 20

Cancer that occurs in families more often than would be expected by chance. These cancers often occur at an early age, and may indicate the presence of a gene mutation that increases the risk of cancer. They may also be a sign of shared environmental or lifestyle factors

Question 21

telomeres

Answer 21

repeats of the same nucleotide sequence at the ends of chromosomes and protects them from erosion

Question 22

neoplastic progression

Answer 22

continued development of the cancer cell

Question 23

metastasis

Answer 23

development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer

Question 24

cell transformation

Answer 24

normal to abnormal, like a normal cell that becomes cancerous