lecture X Flashcards
the convention of Philadelphia
-included recommendations for different states to establish a constitution for creating a more powerful central government with a strong president.
-The individual liberties along with the
separation of powers was stressed in the convention of Philadelphia.
-Furthermore, a bill of rights was passed to promote freedom of speech and free religious practices besides equal rights and trials.
political parties
-Hamilton created the Federalist Party and Thomas Jefferson with James Madison founded an opposition party that was made of democratic republic partisans.
-while the Federalists promoted business and finance with Britain, the Republicans accused them of driving the U.S.A. to dependence on Britain.
slavery
-By the declaration of independence
1776.
- Abolitionism gradually developed in the North during the Revolutionary War, but slavery continued in the South in the plantations of cotton and tobacco.
Abraham Lincoln
-by 1850 he was elected as an anti-slavery president.
-The South threatened to separate from the USA.
-It persisted in slavery and declared to break away from the union, which caused the Civil War to start.
civil war
- a war which led to the end of slavery in the USA after it was outlawed in 1865.
Thomas Jefferson during the 19th century
-In the 19th century Thomas Jefferson expanded west beginning from Louisiana.
-Jefferson believed in republicanism as well as he gave importance to farmers, banks and federal courts.
the Supreme Court in Thomas Jefferson’s presidency
- the Supreme Court was established
-it has the power to reject laws and acts of Congress that were non-constitutional.
The second war of independence
-The British were seeking to annex North America.
-This led the Congress to declare
war on Britain in 1812.
-The war was destructive to both sides, after which the British imposed an economic blockade.
-The U.S.A. defended the Indians who were siding with the British.
-In 1812, Andrew Jackson crushed the British at the bay of New Orleans.
-However, the Federalists opposed the war and held the convention of 1814 to look for other options.
Cherokee trail of tears
-The Whigs denounced the Indian’s removal which resulted in it
- in which thousands of Indians died.
-At the same time there was an expansion to
the west.
-The natives tried to fight the American army but they were overcome.
-Since that time, the Americans developed the “Far West” thesis which was based on continuous expansion.
-From1830-1869 thousands of immigrants were encouraged to settle in California and the far west.
Mexico war
-In 1845, the U.S.A. annexed Texas which led to a war of Mexico in 1846.
-The U.S.A. won that war which lasted between 1846 and 1848.
-After it ended, the peace treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed by Mexico and the U.S.A.
the peace treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
-the USA accepted the Mexican Indians to become American citizens.
Abolitionism and slavery
-Some newspapers were set up by abolitionists, such as William Lloyd Garrison, and Frederick Douglas, to advocate the prohibition of slavery.
-However, Abraham Lincoln opposed slavery and believed in and encouraged the establishment of industrial cities.
slavery
-The North was for free land, free liberties, free religion and free speech.
-Similarly, there was growing religious activism against slavery.
after the coming of Abraham Lincoln
-seven states separated from the union and set up the non-federal states of America.
the first battle of ‘Bull Run’
- the Union States were defeated.
-General Robert Lee of the South army invaded the North.
the battle of Gettysburg in 1863
-the confederate states were defeated
- After General Grant launched a war against Lee’s army causing both the South and the North a lot of victims.
