lecture VII

Question 1

The 1st World War members

Answer 1

-the Allies: including Britain, France, Russia, Italy and the United States.
VS
- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria

Question 2

Versailles treaty

Answer 2

• requiring Germany to disarm, give up different regions, and pay some allied powers.
  -the total cost was about 132 billion

Question 3

the Blitz

Answer 3

-from 1940 to 1941, when German bombers British cities, seaports and industrial areas.
- At this time, as many as 180,000 people per night were hidden within the London underground system.
-After 11 weeks of night and day bombardment, two-thirds of London was bombarded.

Question 4

as a revenge

Answer 4

-Britain and its allies, France, the Soviet Union and the USA, managed a 1000-air bomber over Cologne, then on Hamburg, killing 65,000 civilians

Question 5

an integral Welfare State

Answer 5

-advocated by the Labour Party
-establishing a National Health Service securing free healthcare for British citizens
-Many economic institutions were nationalised.

Question 6

“Age of Austerity”.

Answer 6

-The British economy was slowly recovering, housing was not secured to all, also many necessities was not supplied even with the reconstruction aids of the Marshall Plan.

Question 7

Britain started to lose its status
of a superpower

Answer 7

-As India, Pakistan, Burma, Ghana, Malaya, Nigeria and Kenya gained independence

Question 8

In the sixties

Answer 8

-serious social reforms were introduced by the conservatives, relaxing divorce laws and ending capital punishment.

Question 9

In the seventies

Answer 9

-Britain entered the European Economic Community and witnessed sweeping protests in Ireland against the United Kingdom.
- the government of Prime Minister Heath faced the consequences of the 1973 Arab oil embargo Oil Crisis and the miners’ strikes.

Question 10

in Margaret Thatcher term

Answer 10

-Britain won the Falklands War (1982) against Argentina.
-She strongly opposed trade unions, adopted monetarist policies, privatised many nationalised companies, and kept the National Health Service.
-However, Thatcher’s “Poll Tax”, used to fund the local government, was criticized by the Conservatives who removed her from office in 1990.

Question 11

in Labour Prime Minister Tony Blair term

Answer 11

-In 1997 he came to office, to give independence to monetary policy and more power-sharing to Ireland in 1998 to ensure political stability in Ireland
-After the 9/11 attacks on the USA, Britain sided with the Americans in the war on the Taliban and Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan in 2001 and participated in 2003 in the military the invasion of Irak motivated by endorsing the Americans against the mass destruction weapons claimed to be developed in Irak
- A claim was proven false after the invasion.