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a+p2 > lecture unit #2 > Flashcards

lecture unit #2 Flashcards

1
Q

The “buffy coat” contains:

A

basophils

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2
Q

Which of the following statements about mature, circulating erythrocytes is true?

A

Erythrocytes are flexible cells that can bend and enter small capillaries.

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3
Q

True or False: Globulins are a component of the blood plasma.

A

TRUE

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4
Q

For a blood clot to form, only the intrinsic pathway can activate the common pathway.

A

FALSE

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5
Q

Hemostasis is the process of blood clot formation.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

ou have been training in Denver, Colorado for months before a 15k race in Los Angeles. Compared to your training in Colorado, erythropoietin (EPO) secretion would ______ when at sea level in Los Angeles.

A

Decrease

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7
Q

Vasconstriction would:

A

decrease blood flow

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8
Q

Which of the following is NOT a source of resistance?

A

vessel shape

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9
Q

Which of the following corrects lists the capillary type from most to least permeable?

A

sinusoid > fenestrated > continuous

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10
Q

Vasodilation of the arteries:

A

increases flow

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11
Q

Venous valves function to:

A

Prevent back flow in the cardiovascular system

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12
Q

Blood colloid osmotic pressure:

A

Pulls fluid into the capillary

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13
Q

Which of the following statements about blood is true?

A

Blood is slightly more viscous than water.

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14
Q

plasma consists of:

A

Water

Hormones

Ions

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15
Q

Which are the most abundant plasma protein?

A

albumins

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16
Q

The plasma protein albumin is responsible for:

A

Maintaining appropriate solute concentrations in the blood

Transporting hormones

Transporting insoluble molecules

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT a feature of an erythrocyte?

A

Contains bi-lobed nuclei

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18
Q

heme …

A

Can reversibly bind oxygen

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19
Q

Each hemoglobin molecule is able to bind ______________ oxygen molecule(s).

A

4

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20
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO) is released from _ before activating hemopoietic stem cells.

A

kidneys

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21
Q

Put the following events of erythropoiesis in the correct sequence.

A

Hemopoietic stem cell receives signal from erythropoietin
Myeloid stem cell differentiates into a precursor cell
Nucleus is ejected thus creating a reticulocyte
A mature erythrocyte is formed

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22
Q

Which statement best demonstrates the effect of hypoxia (lack of oxygen) on hematocrit (volume percentage of red blood cells in blood)?

A

Hypoxia results in an increase of the hematocrit.

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23
Q

When iron is recycled, it is released from hemoglobin is transported through the blood by ______________ to the ______________.

A

Transferrin, Bone Marrow

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24
Q

Heme is first converted into biliverdin, then converted to (blank) before being transported to the liver.

A

bilirubin

25
Q

Compare the functioning of erythrocytes to leukocytes in blood

A

Erythrocytes transport oxygen, leukocytes are important for immunity.

26
Q

The least abundant leukocyte is:

A

basophils

27
Q

Which of the following describes a neutrophil?

A

abundant, granular, especially effective against bacteria

28
Q

T and B lymphocytes

A

are involved with specific immune function

29
Q

A patient has been experiencing severe, persistent allergy symptoms that are reduced when she takes an antihistamine. Before the treatment, this patient was likely to have had increased activity of which leukocyte?

A

basophils

30
Q

The first step in hemostasis is \text{__________}.

A

vascular spasm

31
Q

Sort the phases of hemostasis.

A

Vascular spasm
Platelet phase
Coagulation phase
Clot retraction

32
Q

Extrinsic pathway

A

activated by external trauma that causes blood to escape from the vascular system.

33
Q

Intrinsic pathway

A

activated by trauma inside the vascular system and is activated by platelets. exposed endothelium. chemicals. or collagen

34
Q

Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin during the

A

common pathway

35
Q

Sort the events in the common pathway

A

Clotting Factor X converts prothrombin to thrombin
Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin
Fibrin mesh forms a stable clot

36
Q

Artery

A

Distribute blood away from the heart

37
Q

Vein

A

Carry blood toward the heart

38
Q

Capillary

A

Carry blood within tissues to allow for exchange

39
Q

Place the following blood vessels in order starting with the heart.

A

Elastic arteries
Muscular arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Medium veins
Large Veins

40
Q

In which of the following blood vessels would you find the highest volume of blood?

A

veins

41
Q

Which blood vessel layer is present in arteries but absent in veins?

A

Internal elastic lamina

42
Q

Which of the following is an accurate description of the tunica media?

A

Circularly arranged smooth muscle cells.

The layer responsible for changing the diameter of the blood vessel.

43
Q

Which of the following blood vessels has the largest diameter?

A

Elastic arteries

44
Q

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the movement of individual red blood cells through a capillary vessel?

A

Capillary vessels are sometimes smaller in diameter than red blood cells, forcing the cells to squeeze through.

If the capillary is large enough, red blood cells must still travel through it in single file.

45
Q

Which capillary type contains small gaps between endothelial cells, which allow for the passage of materials but not fully formed cells?

A

Fenestrated

46
Q

Which capillary type allows for the highest degree of material exchange?

A

Sinusoid

47
Q

how would an increased amount of pressure in the arteries affect blood flow if resistance remained constant?

A

increase flow

48
Q

How would a decrease in ΔP affect Flow if resistance remained the same?

A

Decrease flow

49
Q

How would an increase in R affect Flow if P remained the same?

A

Decrease flow

50
Q

Using this equation, if the pressure and the resistance increased in equal proportions, what effect would this have on blood flow?

A

Flow would remain constant

51
Q

How would an increase in the viscosity of blood affect blood flow?

A

Decrease flow

52
Q

If the diameter of a blood vessel were to increase, what would happen to the vessel’s resistance?

A

it would decrease

53
Q

If the length of the blood vessel tripled, how would this affect blood flow?

A

Decrease flow

54
Q

If the diameter of a blood vessel tripled, what effect would this have on blood flow?

A

Increase flow

55
Q

A decrease in vessel length will ___ resistance.

A

Decrease

56
Q

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fatty plaque deposits in the lining of blood vessels. How would you expect this disease to affect resistance?

A

Increase R

57
Q

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fatty plaque deposits in the lining of blood vessels, increasing resistance. How would you expect this disease to affect ΔP over time if the body attempted to keep flow the same?

A

Increase ΔP over time

58
Q

Hydrostatic pressure:

A

PUSHING FORCE

a+p2 (4 decks)

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