lecture unit #2

Question 1

The “buffy coat” contains:

Answer 1

basophils

Question 2

Which of the following statements about mature, circulating erythrocytes is true?

Answer 2

Erythrocytes are flexible cells that can bend and enter small capillaries.

Question 3

True or False: Globulins are a component of the blood plasma.

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

For a blood clot to form, only the intrinsic pathway can activate the common pathway.

Answer 4

FALSE

Question 5

Hemostasis is the process of blood clot formation.

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

ou have been training in Denver, Colorado for months before a 15k race in Los Angeles. Compared to your training in Colorado, erythropoietin (EPO) secretion would ______ when at sea level in Los Angeles.

Answer 6

Decrease

Question 7

Vasconstriction would:

Answer 7

decrease blood flow

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a source of resistance?

Answer 8

vessel shape

Question 9

Which of the following corrects lists the capillary type from most to least permeable?

Answer 9

sinusoid > fenestrated > continuous

Question 10

Vasodilation of the arteries:

Answer 10

increases flow

Question 11

Venous valves function to:

Answer 11

Prevent back flow in the cardiovascular system

Question 12

Blood colloid osmotic pressure:

Answer 12

Pulls fluid into the capillary

Question 13

Which of the following statements about blood is true?

Answer 13

Blood is slightly more viscous than water.

Question 14

plasma consists of:

Answer 14

Water

Hormones

Ions

Question 15

Which are the most abundant plasma protein?

Answer 15

albumins

Question 16

The plasma protein albumin is responsible for:

Answer 16

Maintaining appropriate solute concentrations in the blood

Transporting hormones

Transporting insoluble molecules

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a feature of an erythrocyte?

Answer 17

Contains bi-lobed nuclei

Question 18

heme …

Answer 18

Can reversibly bind oxygen

Question 19

Each hemoglobin molecule is able to bind ______________ oxygen molecule(s).

Answer 19

4

Question 20

Erythropoietin (EPO) is released from _ before activating hemopoietic stem cells.

Answer 20

kidneys

Question 21

Put the following events of erythropoiesis in the correct sequence.

Answer 21

Hemopoietic stem cell receives signal from erythropoietin
Myeloid stem cell differentiates into a precursor cell
Nucleus is ejected thus creating a reticulocyte
A mature erythrocyte is formed

Question 22

Which statement best demonstrates the effect of hypoxia (lack of oxygen) on hematocrit (volume percentage of red blood cells in blood)?

Answer 22

Hypoxia results in an increase of the hematocrit.

Question 23

When iron is recycled, it is released from hemoglobin is transported through the blood by ______________ to the ______________.

Answer 23

Transferrin, Bone Marrow

Question 24

Heme is first converted into biliverdin, then converted to (blank) before being transported to the liver.

Answer 24

bilirubin

Question 25

Compare the functioning of erythrocytes to leukocytes in blood

Answer 25

Erythrocytes transport oxygen, leukocytes are important for immunity.

Question 26

The least abundant leukocyte is:

Answer 26

basophils

Question 27

Which of the following describes a neutrophil?

Answer 27

abundant, granular, especially effective against bacteria

Question 28

T and B lymphocytes

Answer 28

are involved with specific immune function

Question 29

A patient has been experiencing severe, persistent allergy symptoms that are reduced when she takes an antihistamine. Before the treatment, this patient was likely to have had increased activity of which leukocyte?

Answer 29

basophils

Question 30

The first step in hemostasis is \text{__________}.

Answer 30

vascular spasm

Question 31

Sort the phases of hemostasis.

Answer 31

Vascular spasm Platelet phase Coagulation phase Clot retraction

Question 32

Extrinsic pathway

Answer 32

activated by external trauma that causes blood to escape from the vascular system.

Question 33

Intrinsic pathway

Answer 33

activated by trauma inside the vascular system and is activated by platelets. exposed endothelium. chemicals. or collagen

Question 34

Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin during the

Answer 34

common pathway

Question 35

Sort the events in the common pathway

Answer 35

Clotting Factor X converts prothrombin to thrombin Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin Fibrin mesh forms a stable clot

Question 36

Artery

Answer 36

Distribute blood away from the heart

Question 37

Vein

Answer 37

Carry blood toward the heart

Question 38

Capillary

Answer 38

Carry blood within tissues to allow for exchange

Question 39

Place the following blood vessels in order starting with the heart.

Answer 39

Elastic arteries Muscular arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Medium veins Large Veins

Question 40

In which of the following blood vessels would you find the highest volume of blood?

Answer 40

veins

Question 41

Which blood vessel layer is present in arteries but absent in veins?

Answer 41

Internal elastic lamina

Question 42

Which of the following is an accurate description of the tunica media?

Answer 42

Circularly arranged smooth muscle cells. The layer responsible for changing the diameter of the blood vessel.

Question 43

Which of the following blood vessels has the largest diameter?

Answer 43

Elastic arteries

Question 44

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the movement of individual red blood cells through a capillary vessel?

Answer 44

Capillary vessels are sometimes smaller in diameter than red blood cells, forcing the cells to squeeze through. If the capillary is large enough, red blood cells must still travel through it in single file.

Question 45

Which capillary type contains small gaps between endothelial cells, which allow for the passage of materials but not fully formed cells?

Answer 45

Fenestrated

Question 46

Which capillary type allows for the highest degree of material exchange?

Answer 46

Sinusoid

Question 47

how would an increased amount of pressure in the arteries affect blood flow if resistance remained constant?

Answer 47

increase flow

Question 48

How would a decrease in ΔP affect Flow if resistance remained the same?

Answer 48

Decrease flow

Question 49

How would an increase in R affect Flow if P remained the same?

Answer 49

Decrease flow

Question 50

Using this equation, if the pressure and the resistance increased in equal proportions, what effect would this have on blood flow?

Answer 50

Flow would remain constant

Question 51

How would an increase in the viscosity of blood affect blood flow?

Answer 51

Decrease flow

Question 52

If the diameter of a blood vessel were to increase, what would happen to the vessel's resistance?

Answer 52

it would decrease

Question 53

If the length of the blood vessel tripled, how would this affect blood flow?

Answer 53

Decrease flow

Question 54

If the diameter of a blood vessel tripled, what effect would this have on blood flow?

Answer 54

Increase flow

Question 55

A decrease in vessel length will ___ resistance.

Answer 55

Decrease

Question 56

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fatty plaque deposits in the lining of blood vessels. How would you expect this disease to affect resistance?

Answer 56

Increase R

Question 57

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fatty plaque deposits in the lining of blood vessels, increasing resistance. How would you expect this disease to affect ΔP over time if the body attempted to keep flow the same?

Answer 57

Increase ΔP over time

Question 58

Hydrostatic pressure:

Answer 58

PUSHING FORCE