Lecture: Types of Tissue Flashcards
Which type of tissue is designed to allow distention?
Transitional
This type of tissue is composed of scattered cells that form a matrix
Connective
Smooth muscle is mainly found in the
Stomach
NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue
Binds and supports body parts
What type of epithelium is found in the endothelium where simple diffusion occurs?
Simple Squamous
The specialized cell found in simple and pseudostratified columnar epithelium that produces mucus is the
Goblet
What type of connective tissue consists of fibroblasts and bundles of parallel collagen fibers?
Regular Dense CT
Describe connective tissue
Widely spaced cells separated by a matrix consisting of fibers
Type of connective tissue cushions organs, stores energy and provides insulation
Adipose Tissue
Type of connective tissue found in the nose, the trachea, and the fetal skeleton
Hyaline Cartilage
The tissue type that forms the framework of the outer ear
Elastic Cartilage
The part of a neuron that receives signals is
Dendrite
The part of a neuron that conducts impulses
Axon
Which type of neuroglia forms the myelin sheath in the brain and spinal cord?
Oligodendrocytes
Which type of neuroglia helps form cerebrospinal fluid?
Astrocytes
The space that a chondrocyte or osteocyte lives in is called a
Lacuna
Composition of ECM
Protein
Glycoprotein
Proteoglycans
Consists of sheets of closely aggregated polyhedral cells with little ECM
Epithelial Tissues
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
Covering
Lining
Protecting Surfaces
Absorption
Secretion
Specific cells of certain epithelia that may be contractile
Myoepithelial Cells
Component of Base Membrane of Epithelial Tissue
Type IV Collagen
Laminin
Proteoglycans
Where can Simple Squamous Epithelium can be found?
Linings of vessels
Serous linings of cavities: pericardium, pleura and peritoneum
Linings of the alveoli of lungs
Where can Simple Cuboidal Epithelium can be found?
Thyroid follicles
Surface of ovary
Choroid plexus of brain
Pigment epithelium of retina
Ducts of many glands
Where can Simple Columnar Epithelium can be found?
Linings of GIT
Uterine Tubes
Ducts of Kidney
Where can Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium can be found?
Linings of trachea, bronchi and nasal cavity
Keratinized Stratified Squamous is found in
Epidermal layer of skin
Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous is found in
Tongue
Vagina
Where is Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium found?
Ovarian follicles
Seminiferous tubules
Where is Stratified Columnar Epithelium found?
Small areas of pharynx
Epiglottis
Anus
Mammary Glands
Salivary Glands Ducts
Urethra
Conjuctiva
Where is Transitional Epithelium or Mesothelium found?
Urinary Tract/Urinary Bladder
Skeletal Muscle Tissue are _, _ and _
Cylindrical
Multinucleate
Striated
Cardiac Muscle Tissue are _, _, _ and _
Branched
Striated
Single-nuclei
Connected by intercalated discs
Smooth Muscles are _, _, and _
Spindle-shaped
Non-striated
Single central nucleus
Composed of extracellular protein fibers and a
ground substance
Matrix
A complex of anionic, hydrophilic proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and multi-adhesive glycoproteins (laminin, fibronectin, and others)
Ground Substance
Product/Activity of Fibroblasts
Ground Substance
Extracellular Fibers
Product/Activity of Plasma Cells
Antibodies
Product/Activity of Lymphocytes
Immune/Defense Functions
Product/Activity of Eosinophilic leukocytes
Allergic/Vasoactive Reaction
Defense against parasites
Product/Activity of Neutrophilic leukocytes
Phagocytosis of bacteria
Product/Activity of Macrophages
Phagocytosis of ECM
components and debris;
antigen processing and
presentation to immune cells;
secretion of growth factors,
cytokines, and other agents
Product/Activity of Mast Cells and Basophilic leukocytes
Pharmacologically active molecules
Product/Activity of Adipocytes
Storage of neutral fat
The most abundant and widely distributed collagen
Collagen Type I
Major structural proteins of external laminae and all epithelial basal laminae
Network or sheet-forming collagens
Short collagens that link
fibrillar collagens to one another (forming larger fibers) and to other components of the ECM
Linking/Anchoring Collagen
Reticular FIber is stained _ after _
Black
Impregnation with Silver (Argyrophilic)
Types of GAGs
Hyaluronan
Dermatan sulfate
Chondroitin sulfate
Keratan sulfate
Heparan sulfate
Fills the space between cells and fibers in connective
tissue
Ground Substance
Where is Loose (areolar) connective tissue found?
Lamina propria beneath
epithelial lining of
digestive tract
Where is Dense irregular connective tissue found?
Dermis of skin
Organ capsules
Submucosa layer of digestive tract
Where is Dense regular connective tissue found?
Ligaments
Tendons
Aponeuroses
Corneal stroma
What are the Embryonic Connective Tissues?
Mesenchyme
Mucoid Connective Tissue
Where can Reticular Connective Tissues found?
Bone marrow
Liver
Pancreas
Adrenal glands
All lymphoid organs except
the thymus
_, principal component of the fetal umbilical cord, where it is referred to as _
Mucoid Tissue
Wharton’s Jelly
The predominant cell type in
adipose tissue
Adipocytes
The most common type
of adipose tissue. It functions primarily as an energy reservoir, insulation, and cushioning for organs
White Adipose Tissue
Specialized in generating heat through a process called thermogenesis. It
contains a high density of mitochondria and iron-rich
cytochrome proteins.
Brown Adipose Tissue
Type of connective tissue that structurally supports certain soft tissues, notably in the respiratory tract, and provides cushioned, low-friction surfaces in joints
Cartilage
Cells of cartilage
Chondrocytes
Chondrocytes are embedded within _
Lacunae
Cartilage always lacks _, _, and _
Blood vessels
Lymphatics
Nerves
Where is Hyaline Cartilage found?
Between tips of ribs and bones of sternum
Surface of synovial joints
Support larynx, trachea and bronchi
Nasal septum
Where is Elastic Cartilage found?
Auricle of external ear
Epiglottis
Auditory canal
Cuneiform cartilages of larynx
Where is Fibrocartilage found?
Pads with knee joint
Pubic bones of pelvis
Intervertebral discs
The internal covering of small trabeculae of bony
matrix that project into narrow cavity
Endosteum
Outer fibrous layer of dense CT
Periosteum
Found in cavities (lacunae) between bone matrix layers (lamellae), with cytoplasmic processes in small canaliculi (L. canalis, canal) that extend into the matrix
Osteocytes
Growing cells which synthesize and secrete the
organic components of the matrix.
Osteoblasts
Giant, multinucleated cells involved in removing
calcified bone matrix and remodeling bone tissue
Osteoclasts
Forms the dense outer layer of bones and provides strength and support. It consists of tightly packed
osteons (Haversian system)
Compact Bone
Forms the inner layer of bones and is characterized by its porous, honeycomb-like structure
Spongy (Cancellous) Bone
The functional units of the nervous system responsible for transmitting electrical impulses and processing
information
Neurons
Branched extensions that receive incoming signals
from other neurons or sensory receptors
Dendrites
A long, slender projection that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body toward other neurons
Axon
With one axon and two or more dendrites
Multipolar Neurons
One dendrite and one axon
Bipolar Neurons
Each have a single process that bifurcates close to the perikaryon, with the longer branch extending to a peripheral ending and the other toward the CNS
Unipolar or Pseudounipolar Neurons
Many dendrites but no true axon
Anaxonic Neurons
Provide structural support, regulate the chemical environment around neurons, and contribute to the blood-brain barrier
Astrocytes
Immune cells that protect the nervous system by
removing debris, pathogens, and damaged cells through
phagocytosis
Microglia
Myelin production in CNS
Oligodendrocytes
Myelin production in PNS
Schwann Cells
Aid production and movement of CSF
Ependymal Cell
Refer to the axons of neurons
Nerve Fibers
