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Human Histology > Laboratory: Intro to Histology > Flashcards

Laboratory: Intro to Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the tissues of the body and how these issues are arranged to constitute organs

A

Histology

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2
Q

Two Interacting Components of Tissues

A

Extracellular Matrix
Cells

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3
Q

Supports the cells and the fluid that transports
nutrients to the cells and carries away their catabolites and secretory products.

A

Extracellular Matrix

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4
Q

Produce the ECM and are also influenced and
sometimes controlled by matrix molecules.

A

Cells

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5
Q

The technical field of using microscopes to view samples & objects that cannot be seen with the unaided eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal
eye).

A

Microscopy

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6
Q

An instrument that magnifies an image and allows visualization of greater detail than is possible with the unaided eye.

A

Microscope

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7
Q

Tasks of Microscope

A

Magnification
Resolution
Contrast

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8
Q

Produce a magnified image of the specimen

A

Magnification

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9
Q

Separate the details in the image

A

Resolution

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10
Q

Render the details visible to the eye, camera, or imaging device

A

Contrast

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11
Q

Father of Microscopy

A

Anton von Leeuwenhoek

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12
Q

Meaning of Mikros

A

Small

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13
Q

Meaning of skopein

A

To look

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14
Q

Most commonly used in the laboratory

A

Compound Light Microscope
Bright Field Microscope

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15
Q

For illumination of specimen

A

Light Source

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16
Q

Focus the beam of light at the level of the specimen

A

Condenser

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17
Q

On which the slide or other specimen is placed. The flat platform where the slide is placed for examination.

A

Stage

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18
Q

Gather the light that has passed through the specimen. The purpose of this is to increase or decrease magnification.

A

Objective Lens

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19
Q

Through which the image formed by the objective lens may be examined directly. Located at the top of microscope that the viewer looks through to observe the specimen. It typically magnifies the image by 10x.

A

Ocular Lens or Eyepiece

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20
Q

Provides support for the microscope

A

Base

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21
Q

Supports and holds the magnifying and adjustment
system

A

Arm

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22
Q

Located directly under the stage and hold the
condenser and diaphragm

A

Substage

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23
Q

Permits movement of the stage while holding the slide in the phase of focus

A

Mechanical Stage

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24
Q

Magnification Powers of Objectives

A

Scanning (4x)
Low (10x)
High (40x)
Oil Immersion (100x)

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25
Q

Normal tube length

A

160mm

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26
Q

Uses a lens system that produces visible images from transparent objects can be used with living, cultured cells. Used to examine living cells and tissues and is used extensively to examine unstained semi-thin (approximately 0.5um) sections of plastic-embedded tissue

A

Phase Contrast Microscope

27
Q

Allows quantification of
tissue mass

A

Interference Microscope

28
Q

Uses Nomarski optics, which produces an image of living cells with a more apparent 3D aspect

A

Differential Interference Microscope

29
Q

Only light that has been scattered or diffracted by structures in the specimen reaches the objective. Equipped with a special condenser that illuminates the specimen with strong, oblique light.

A

Dark Field Microscope

30
Q

Makes use of the ability of certain molecules to
fluoresce under ultraviolet light

A

Fluorescence Microscope

31
Q

Allows visualization of a biologic specimen in three dimensions. Combines components of light optical microscope with a scanning system to dissect a specimen optically.

A

Confocal Microscope

32
Q

Small point of high-intensity light

A

Laser

33
Q

Allows the recognition of stained or unstained structures made of highly organized subunits such as birefringent crystals

A

Polarizing Microscope

34
Q

Microscopes that uses beam of electrons (instead of a beam of light) and electromagnets (instead of glass lenses)

A

Electron Microscope

35
Q

Imaging system that permits resolution around 3nm, allowing isolated particles magnified as much as 400,000 times

A

Transmission Electron Microscope

36
Q

Provides a high-resolution view of the surfaces of the cells, tissues and organs. Easy to interpret since they present a three-dimensional image.

A

Scanning Electron Microscope

37
Q

One of the most powerful tools for studying the surface topography at molecular and atomic resolution. Most useful for biological studies

A

Atomic Force Microscope

38
Q

It is the digital procedure that is an alternative to the examination of glass slides using a light microscope

A

Virtual Microscope

39
Q

Steps in Preparation of Tissue for Examination

A
  1. Fixation (formalin)
  2. Dehydration (ethanol)
  3. Clearing (xylene)
  4. Infiltration (paraffin)
  5. Embedding (paraffin)
  6. Sectioning (rotary microscope)
  7. Staining (H&E)
  8. Mounting (resin)
40
Q

Stops cell metabolism
Prevents autolysis
Kills pathogenic microorganisms

A

Fixation

41
Q

Most commonly used fixative

A

10% neutral-buffered
form (NBF-phosphate buffer) formalin

42
Q

A 37-40% (saturated) aqueous solution of formaldehyde gas

A

Formalin

43
Q

10% formalin means

A

4% aqueous formaldehyde solution

44
Q

Water has to be removed by

A

Immersion in graded (ascending) concentrations of a dehydrating agent

45
Q

Most commonly used dehydrating agent

A

Ethanol at 70%, 90% & 100% concentrations

46
Q

For delicate tissues,
dehydration is started at

A

30% or 50% dilution

47
Q

Clearing agents that act as an intermediary between the dehydrating agent & the embedding agent

A

Xylene
Toluene

48
Q

Temperature for infiltration

A

52-60 degrees Celsius

49
Q

Prevents distortion of tissue structure during microtomy

A

Embedding

50
Q

Removal of excess wax to expose the tissue for sectioning on a microtome

A

Trimming

51
Q

Shape to be achieved in trimming

A

Truncated Pyramid

52
Q

Size of thin sections

A

5-15μm

53
Q

Thickness of ribbon sections to be cut

A

3-5 μm

54
Q

Free end of the ribbon is held by

A

Fine-pointed forceps
Teasing needle

55
Q

The other end is detached from the microtome knife with

A

Sable or Camel Hair Brush

56
Q

Temperature of the bath should be __ less than the melting point of the paraffin

A

10 degrees Celsius

57
Q

After 30 seconds, sections are picked up onto

A

Clean, albuminized (adhesive) slides

58
Q

Universal size of standard slides

A

76x25mm, with a thickness of 1.0-1.2mm

59
Q

Overnight drying temperature

A

37 degrees Celsius

60
Q

Negatively charged, has an affinity to basic dye termed as Basophilic

A

Nucleic Acid

61
Q

Positively charged, has an affinity to acidic dye, termed as Acidophilic

A

Cytoplasm/Organelles/Proteins

62
Q

Most commonly used staining method

A

Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) stains

63
Q

Mounting medium

A

DPX resin

64
Q

Container for tissue embedding

A

Cassette

Human Histology (5 decks)

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