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Clinical Parasitology > Lecture: Trematodes > Flashcards

Lecture: Trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Unsegmented, leaf-like or ribbon-like though some short and circular

A

Trematodes

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2
Q

Common name for Trematodes

A

Flukes

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3
Q

Trematodes belong to the sub-class Digenia (digenetic), which means they only have 1 host. True or False?

A

False. Trematodes require 2 intermediate hosts except Schistosoma

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4
Q

What is the usual 1st intermediate host of flukes?

A

Snail

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5
Q

AIDS in Trematodes

A

Asexual - Intermediate
Definitive - Sexual

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6
Q

All Trematodes require _ intermediate host except _

A

2 Intermediate Host
Schistosoma (1 IH)

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7
Q

All Trematodes are flat/leaf-like except _ which is _

A

Schistosoma
Cylindrical

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8
Q

All Trematodes are provided with _ suckers except _

A

2 Suckers
Heterophyids (3)

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9
Q

All Trematodes are _ (monoecious) except _

A

Hermaphroditic
Schistosoma (Dioecious)

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10
Q

All Trematodes are provided with _ testes except _ and _

A

2 Testes
Schistosoma (multi)
Haplorchis (1)

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11
Q

All Trematode ova are _ except _

A

Operculated
Schistosoma (spined)

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12
Q

Infective Stage of all Trematodes is _ except _

A

Metacercaria
Schistosoma (cercaria)

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13
Q

Mode of Transmission of all Trematodes is _ except _

A

Ingestion
Schistosoma (skin penetration)

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14
Q

Portal of Entry of all Trematodes is _ except _

A

Mouth
Schistosoma (skin)

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15
Q

The digestive system of Trematodes is _; it has mouth but no _

A

Incomplete
Anus

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16
Q

The intestine of Trematodes may be _ or _

A

Branched/dendritic
Simple

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17
Q

Diffusely scattered flame cells in the excretory system of Trematodes

A

Solenocytes

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18
Q

At the anterior part of adult Trematode, what type of sucker is present?

A

Oral sucker

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19
Q

At the posterior end of adult Trematode, what type of sucker is present?

A

Ventral sucker

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20
Q

In Heterophyids, what additional type of sucker is present?

A

Genital sucker (Gonotyl)

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21
Q

If a Trematode has no anus, where does it excrete metabolic waste?

A

Integumentary System

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22
Q

What are the larval stages of Trematodes

A

Miracidium - Sporocysts - Redia - Cercaria - Metacercaria

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23
Q

What larval stage is omitted or bypassed if the Trematode is a Schistosoma?

A

Metacercaria

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24
Q

What larval stage infects the 1st intermediate host?

A

Miracidium

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25
Q

What encysts on the 2nd intermediate host?

A

Cercaria

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26
Q

Trematode eggs that is fully embryonated or nearly at the time they are discharge from the body

A

Clonorchis
Heterophyids
Opistorchis
Schistosoma

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27
Q

Trematode eggs that hatch soon upon contact with water

A

Schistosoma

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28
Q

Trematode eggs that hatch only upon digestion by intermediate host

A

Clonorchis
Heterophyids
Opistorchis

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29
Q

Trematode eggs that requires a period of embryonation after deposition in water

A

Fasciola
Fasciolopsis
Paragonimus
Echinosotoma

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30
Q

What are Trematode/s that inhabits the portal vein?

A

Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma mansoni

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31
Q

What are Trematode/s that inhabits the lungs?

A

Paragonimus westermani

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32
Q

What are Trematode/s that inhabits the liver and bile passage?

A

Fasciola hepatica
Clonorchis sinensis
Opistorchis felineus

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33
Q

What are Trematode/s that inhabits the intestine?

A

Fasciolopsis buski
Echinostoma ilocanum
Heterophyids?

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34
Q

What are examples of Heterophyids?

A

Heterophyes heterophyes
Metagonimus yokogawai
Haplorchis taichui

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35
Q

Trematodes that have mature type of eggs

A

Clonorchis
Heterophyids
Opistorchis
Schistosomes

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36
Q

Trematodes that have immature type of eggs

A

Paragonimus
Fasciola
Fasciolopsis
Echinostoma

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37
Q

Common name of Schistosoma japonicum

A

Oriental blood fluke

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38
Q

Common name of Schistosoma haematobium

A

Vesical blood fluke

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39
Q

Common name of Schistosoma mansoni

A

Manson’s blood fluke

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40
Q

Common name of Paragonimus westermani

A

Oriental lung fluke

41
Q

Common name of Fasciola hepatica

A

Giant or Sheep liver fluke

42
Q

Common name of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Chinese or Oriental liver fluke

43
Q

Common name of Opistorchis felineus

A

Cat liver fluke

44
Q

Common name of Fasciolopsis buski

A

Giant intestinal fluke

45
Q

Common name of Echinosotoma ilocanum

A

Garrison’s fluke

46
Q

Common name of Heterophyes heterophyes

A

Von Siebold’s fluke

47
Q

This is the ciliated, non-feeding larva

A

Miracidium

48
Q

Miracidium is covered with flattened, non-cliliated epidermal plates. True or False?

A

False, it is ciliated epidermal plates

49
Q

This is the larval form consisting of a sac-like structure which produces more daughter or rediae through asexual reproduction

A

Sporocysts

50
Q

Sporocysts do not have digestive tracts. True or False?

A

True

51
Q

Essential nutrients in sporocysts must diffuse across the absorptive protective covering called _

A

Tegument

52
Q

The larval stage that is formed inside the sac-like sporocysts

A

Redia

53
Q

The tadpole-like fina-stage larval form that develops from redia within the 1st intermediate host

A

Cercaria

54
Q

The cercaria resembles a mature version of the adult worm. True or False?

A

False, cercaria resembles an immature version of the adult worm

55
Q

The _ cercaria is the infective stage of Schistosome trematodes

A

Furcocercous (fork-tailed)

56
Q

The encysted form of the cercaria. Also known as the infective stage of hermaphroditic trematodes

A

Metacercaria

57
Q

The cercariae of Schistosome lose their head and develop into schistosomules. True or False?

A

False, the cercaria loses its tail and then turns to schistosomules

58
Q

The morphologic form that emerges from the cercaria following human transdermal penetration

A

Schistosomule

59
Q

Gymnocephalus Cercaria represents what Trematode/s?

A

Fasciolopsis buski
Fasciola hepatica

60
Q

Pleurolorphocercous Cercaria represents what Trematode/s?

A

Opistochis viverrini

60
Q

Microcercous Cercaria represents what Trematode/s?

A

Paragonimus westermani

61
Q

Lophocercous Cercaria represents what Trematode/s?

A

Clonorchis sinensis
Heterophyes heterophyes
Metagonimus yokogawai

62
Q

Echinostome Cercaria represents what Trematode/s?

A

Echinostoma malayanum
Echinostoma ilocanum

63
Q

Furcocercous Cercaria represents what Trematode/s?

A

Schistosoma spp.

64
Q

What Trematode/s has dendritic testes and tandem with dendritic ovary anterior to testes?

A

Fasciola hepatica
Fasciolopsis buski

65
Q

What Trematode/s has dendritic testes and tandem with lobed ovary anterior to testes?

A

Clonorchis sinensis

66
Q

What Trematode/s has globular testes and diagonal with globular ovary anterior to testes?

A

Heterophyes heterophyes
Metagonimus yokogawai

67
Q

What Trematode/s has lobed testes and side-by-side with lobed ovary anterior to testes?

A

Paragonimus westermani

68
Q

What Trematode/s has globular testes and tandem with globular ovary anterior to testes?

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

69
Q

What Trematode/s has lobed testes and diagonal with lobed ovary anterior to testes?

A

Opistorchis viverrini

70
Q

The esophagus of Trematodes bifurcates into two parallel blind-ended intestinal ceca. True or False?

A

True

71
Q

NTD means _

A

Neglected tropical diseases

72
Q

Most prevalent food-borne trematode infections in the Philippines

A

Paragonimiasis
Echinostomiasis
Heterophydiasis

73
Q

Largest fluke infecting man

A

Fasciola hepatica

74
Q

Is the F. hepatica shouldered or no?

A

It is shouldered with cephalic cone

75
Q

Specie of Fasciola that infects cattle, carabao and water buffaloes

A

F. gigantica

76
Q

What is the 2nd intermediate host of F. hepatica?

A

Aquatic vegetation such as kangkong and morning glory

77
Q

Diagnostic stage of F. hepatica

A

Unembryonated ova in feces

78
Q

Infective stage of F. hepatica

A

Metacercaria in aquatic vegetation ingested by definitive host

79
Q

What condition occurs when an individual consumes F. hepatica-infected liver?

A

False Fascioliasis
Halzoun

80
Q

Drug choice for F. hepatica

A

Bithionol

81
Q

1st intermediate host of F. hepatica/F. gigantica

A

Lymnae philippinensis
Lymnae swinhoe
Lymnae truncatula
Lymnae rubiginosa

82
Q

Distinguishing feature of C. sinensis ova

A

Small protuberance in its aboperculum

83
Q

Most common intermediate host of C. sinensis

A

Parafossarulus manchoricus
Alocinma longicornis
Semisulcospira cancellata
Bithynia fuchsianus
B. robustus
Melanoides tuberculatus
Assiminea lutea

84
Q

Second intermediate host of C. sinensis

A

Ctenopharyngodon idellus
Caridina nilotica gracilipes
Pseudorasbora parva
Carassius auratus
Cyprinus carpio
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
Saurogobio dabryi

85
Q

What other parasite does C. sinensis has similiarities to in terms of its ova?

A

Opistorchis
Heterophyids

86
Q

Other name for O. viverrini

A

Southeast Asian Liver Fluke

87
Q

Distinguishing feature of O. felineus ova

A

Minute aboperculum

88
Q

Difference of O. felineus to O. viverrini

A

Ovary and testes is nearer to each other

89
Q

Most common 1st intermediate host for O. felineus

A

Bithynia leachi
Bithynia spp.

90
Q

Most common 1st intermediate host for O. viverrini

A

Bithynia funiculata
Bithynia spp.

91
Q

2nd intermediate host for O. felineus/O. viverrini

A

Idus melanotus
Tinca tinca
Cyprinus carpio
Barbus barbus
Puntius
Cyclocheilichthys
Hampala

92
Q

Carcinoma caused by C. sinensis and O. viverrini

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

93
Q

Pulmonary paragonimiasis mimics what diease?

A

Pulmonary tuberculosis

94
Q

Specimen used for diagnosing Paragonimiasis

A

Sputum/phlegm
Feces

95
Q

1st intermediate host of P. westermani

A

Antemelania asperata
A. dactylus

96
Q

2nd intermediate host of P. westermani

A

S. philippina

97
Q

P. westermani worms may affect the brain and cause what disease?

A

Jacksonian epilepsy

Clinical Parasitology (13 decks)

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