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Clinical Parasitology > Lecture: Cestodes > Flashcards

Lecture: Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

Common name for Cestodes

A

Tapeworms

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2
Q

Two Orders of Cestodes

A

Order Pseudophilidea
Order Cyclophilidea

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3
Q

Order of Cestodes that harbors 1 intermediate host

A

Order Cyclophilidea

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4
Q

Order of Cestodes that harbors 2 intermediate host

A

Order Pseudophilidea

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5
Q

Order of Cestodes that has solid stage larvae

A

Order Pseudophilidea

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6
Q

Orders of Cestodes that has cystic stage larvae

A

Order Cyclophilidea

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7
Q

Order of Cestodes with sucking grooves or bothria/sulci

A

Order Pseudophilidea

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8
Q

Order of Cestodes with 4 suckers

A

Order Cyclophilidea

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9
Q

All adult Cestodes are found in large intestine. True or False?

A

False. Found in Small Intestine

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10
Q

All Cestodes are monoecious or hemaphroditic. True or False?

A

True. Monoecious or hemaphroditic means 2 sexual organs are present in an adult.

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11
Q

Order of Cestodes that contains coracidium in there ova

A

Order Pseudophilidea

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12
Q

Order of Cestodes that contains oncosphere in there ova

A

Order Cyclophilidea

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13
Q

Order of Cestodes that release eggs via uterine pores

A

Order Pseudophilidea

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14
Q

Order of Cestodes that release eggs via apolysis or detachment of gravid segments

A

Order Cyclophilidea

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15
Q

Other term for ventral groove or sucking grooves

A

Bothria
Sulci

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16
Q

Holdfast organ (attachment) for Cestodes

A

Scolex

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17
Q

Region of growth for Cestodes

A

Neck

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18
Q

Three Types of segments in Cestodes

A

Immature
Mature
Gravid

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19
Q

Order of Cestodes that has spatulate or spindle-shaped scolex

A

Order Pseudophilidea

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20
Q

Order of Cestodes that has globular or quadrate scolex

A

Order Cyclophilidea

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21
Q

Term for chain of segments or proglottids

A

Strobila

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22
Q

Other term for segments in Cestodes

A

Proglottids

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23
Q

Elevated portion in the scolex of cestodes in Order Cyclophilidea

A

Rostellum

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24
Q

Hair-like structures in rostellum

A

Hooklet/Hooks

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25
Q

Term when the proglottids in strobila overlaps one another

A

Craspedote

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26
Q

Term when the proglottids in strobila doesn’t overlap

A

Acraspedote

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27
Q

Normal detachment or disintegration of gravid segments

A

Apolysis

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28
Q

Types of Larvae

A

Solid
Cystic

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29
Q

Types of Larvae in Solid Type

A

Plerocercus
Plerocercoid

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30
Q

Types of Larvae in Cystic Type

A

Cysticercus
Cysticercoid

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31
Q

Described as hooked ball in which the hooklets are three pairs (hexacanth)

A

Oncosphere

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32
Q

Is the coracidium ciliated or not?

A

Ciliated

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33
Q

Known as the immature larva in Solid Type

A

Plerocercus/Procercoid/Procercus

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34
Q

Known as the mature larva in Solid Type

A

Plerocercoid/Sparganum

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35
Q

In which intermediate host does plerocercus stay?

A

1st Intermediate Host

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36
Q

In which intermediate host does plerocercoid stay?

A

2nd Intermediate Host

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37
Q

Only Cestode that has solid type larva

A

Diphyllobothrium latum or Dibothriocephalus latus

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38
Q

Cestodes that has cysticercus larvae

A

Taenia saginata
Taenia solium

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39
Q

Cestodes that has cysticercoid larvae

A

Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepsi diminuta
Dipyllidium caninum

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40
Q

Opening structure in the ova of Order Pseudophilidea

A

Operculum

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41
Q

Common name for Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Fish or Broad Tapeworm

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42
Q

Longest tapeworm of human

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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43
Q

Order of Cestodes that has rosette-featured uterus

A

Order Pseudophilidea

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44
Q

Diagnostic Stage of D. latum

A

Unembryonated eggs in feces

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45
Q

Infective Stage of D. latum

A

Plerocercus in crustaceans/small fish
Plerocercoid in larger fish

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46
Q

Mode of Transmission in D. latum

A

Ingestion

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47
Q

Why does D. latum cause anemia (bothriocephalus anemia)?

A

D. latum scolex attached in intestinal wall competes in the supply of Vit. B12

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48
Q

Diagnosis for D. latum

A

Stool Examination
Coproantigen Detection

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49
Q

Treatment for D. latum

A

Praziquantel
Quinacrine Hydrochloride
Niclosamide

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50
Q

Common tapeworm infection in dogs and cats are caused by?

A

Spirometra sp. (Spirometra mansoni)

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51
Q

When eye tissue is infected with sparganum, it causes…

A

Ocular sparganosis

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52
Q

When lymph channels has presence of spargana, it causes…

A

Elephantiasis

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53
Q

What may form when spargana inhabits subcutaneous tissues?

A

Acniform pustules

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54
Q

Accidental host of S. mansoni

A

Man

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55
Q

Diagnosis of S. mansoni

A

Finding of white larva in lesion

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56
Q

Treatment for S. mansoni

A

Surgery
Praziquantel

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57
Q

Does S. mansoni reach maturity in man?

A

No, since man is not its definitive host.

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58
Q

The egg of T. solium can be easily differentiated from T. saginata. True or False?

A

False. It cannot be easily distinguished.

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59
Q

Name of larva in T. solium

A

Cysticercus cellulosae

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60
Q

Term for meat infected with T. solium

A

Measly pork

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61
Q

What kind of host is man when infected with T. solium?

A

Definitive Host
Intermediate Host

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62
Q

Cysticercosis occurs when

A

Larva is in different organs
Man ingests egg from contaminated food

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63
Q

Taeniasis occurs when

A

Adult worm is in S.I.
Man ingest larva from contaminated food

64
Q

Diagnostic Stage for T. solium

A

Embryonated eggs
Gravid proglottids

65
Q

Infective Stage for T. solium

A

Embryonated eggs
Cysticercus cellulosae

66
Q

Diagnosis for T. solium

A

Stool Examination
Anal Swab
Slide Compression
Serological Test (cysticercosis)

67
Q

Treatment for T. solium

A

Praziquantel
Niclosamide
Quinacrine

68
Q

Diagnosis for Cysticercus cellulosae

A

Computed axial tomography (CAT) Scan
Nuclear MRI

69
Q

Treatment for Cysticercus cellulosae

A

Praziquantel
Albendazole
Steroids
Surgery

70
Q

Common name for T. solium

A

Pork tapeworm

71
Q

Common name for T. saginata

A

Beef tapeworm

72
Q

Name of larva for T. saginata

A

Cysticercus bovis

73
Q

Diagnostic Stage for T. saginata

A

Embryonated eggs
Gravid proglottids

74
Q

Infective Stage for T. saginata

A

Cysticercus bovis

75
Q

Large volume of T. saginata can cause intestinal disturbance such as

A

Acute intestinal obstruction

76
Q

Diagnosis for T. saginata

A

Stool Examination
Slide Compression

77
Q

Treatment for T. saginata

A

Praziquantel

78
Q

Is it possible for cysticercus bovis to cause infection in human?

A

No, it does not occur.

79
Q

Difference of T. solium and T. saginata regarding scolex

A

T. solium - Globular
T. saginata - Quadrate

80
Q

Does T. saginata have rostellum?

A

No, rostellum is absent from T. saginata

81
Q

Difference of T. solium and T. saginata regarding proglottids

A

T. solium - 800-1000
T. saginata - 1000-2000

82
Q

Difference of T. solium and T. saginata regarding uterine branches

A

T. solium - 5-14 branches
T. saginata - 15-20 branches

83
Q

Difference of T. solium and T. saginata regarding length

A

T. solium - 5-7 meters
T. saginata - 5-10 meters

84
Q

Difference of T. solium and T. saginata regarding testicular follicle

A

T. solium - 150-200
T. saginata - 330-400

85
Q

Cestodes under Order Cyclophilidea that requires vertebrate intermediate host

A

T. solium
T. saginata

86
Q

Cestodes under Order Cyclophilidea that requires invertebrate intermediate host

A

D. caninum
H. diminuta
R. garrisoni

87
Q

Cestode under Order Cyclophilidea that may or may not require intermediate host

A

H. nana

88
Q

Cestodes under Order Cyclophilidea that infects man in their larval stage

A

E. granulosus
E multilocularis
T. solium
S. mansoni

89
Q

Egg shape in Order Pseudophilidea

A

Ovoidal

90
Q

Egg shape in Order Cyclophilidea

A

Spherical

91
Q

Scolex shape of D. latum

A

Spatulate or almond-shaped

92
Q

Scolex shape of D. caninum

A

Rhomboidal

93
Q

Scolex shape of H. nana

A

Rhomboidal

94
Q

Scolex shape of H. diminuta

A

Club-shaped

95
Q

Scolex shape of E. granulosus

A

Pyriform

96
Q

Scolex shape of R. garrisoni

A

Sub-globular

97
Q

Common name of D. caninum

A

Double-pored or Dog Tapeworm

98
Q

Eggs of D. caninum are expelled in egg capsules called

A

Mother packet

99
Q

Diagnostic Stage of D. caninum

A

Mature ova

100
Q

Infective Stage of D. caninum

A

Cysticercoid in IH (flea)

101
Q

Dog flea suitable for D. caninum

A

Ctenophalides canis

102
Q

Cat flea suitable for D. caninum

A

Ctenophalides felis

103
Q

Human flea suitable for D. caninum

A

Pulex irritans

104
Q

Dog lice suitable for D. caninum

A

Trichodectes canis

105
Q

Diagnosis for D. caninum

A

DFS

106
Q

Treatment for D. caninum

A

Praziquantel
Niclosamide
Quinacrine

107
Q

How is man infected by D. caninum?

A

Accidental ingestion of infected intermediate host (flea)

108
Q

Common name of H. nana

A

Dwarf tapeworm

109
Q

Unique characteristic of H. nana egg

A

Bipolar thickening with polar filaments

110
Q

3 Types of Life Cycle of H. nana

A

Direct
Indirect
Autoinfection

111
Q

Diagnostic Stage of H. nana in Direct Cycle

A

Mature ova in feces

112
Q

Infective Stage of H. nana in Direct Cycle

A

Cysticercoid in IH (arthropods)

113
Q

Diagnostic Stage of H. nana in Indirect Cycle

A

Mature ova in feces

114
Q

Infective Stage of H. nana in Indirect Cycle

A

Ingested mature ova in contaminated food and water

115
Q

How does autoinfection happen in H. nana infection?

A

External - same with indirect (fecal-oral)
Internal - ova matures in L.I. and escapes to bloodstream

116
Q

Diagnosis for H. nana

A

DFS

117
Q

Treatment for H. nana

A

Praziquantel
Niclosamide
Paramomycin

118
Q

Murine strain of H. nana

A

H. nana var fraterna

119
Q

Intermediate Hosts utilized by H. nana var fraterna in Indirect Cycle

A

Ctenophalides canis (Dog flea)
Pulex irritans (Human flea)
Xenopsylla cheopis (Oriental rat flea)
Tenebrio molitor (Mealworm)
Tenebrio confusum (Confused flour beetle)

120
Q

What cycle of H. nana is similar to H. diminuta?

A

Indirect Cycle

121
Q

Difference of H. nana from H. diminuta with regards to length

A

H. nana - 2 to 4 cm
H. diminuta - 10 to 60 cm

122
Q

Difference of H. nana from H. diminuta with regards to number of segments

A

H. nana - 96-840 segments
H. diminuta - 800-1300 segments

123
Q

Does H. diminuta have spines in its rostellum?

A

No, H. diminuta only has rostellum, but without spines

124
Q

Common name of H. diminuta

A

Rat tapeworm

125
Q

Unique characteristic of H. diminuta egg

A

Fried egg appearance
Bipolar thickening without polar filaments

126
Q

Diagnostic Stage of H. diminuta

A

Mature ova in feces

127
Q

Infective Stage of H. diminuta

A

Cysticercoid in IH (flea/beetle)

128
Q

Diagnosis for H. diminuta

A

DFS

129
Q

Treatment for H. diminuta

A

Niclosamide
Praziquantel

130
Q

How is man infected with H. diminuta?

A

Accidental ingestion of infected intermediate host (flea/beetle)

131
Q

Smallest yet deadliest tapeworm

A

E. granulosus

132
Q

Common name of E. granulosus

A

Hydatid worm

133
Q

Egg of E. granulosus is not striated. True or False?

A

False. E. granulosus ova is striated

134
Q

Diagnostic Stage of E. granulosus

A

Hydatid cysts in different organs

135
Q

Infective Stage of E. granulosus

A

Mature ova in feces

136
Q

Does hydatid worms mature in human?

A

No, since humans are just intermediate host

137
Q

A slow-growing, tumor-like, space-occupying structure enclosed by a laminated germinitative membrame

A

Unilocular hydatid cyst

138
Q

Structures on walls of hydatid cysts where tapeworm scolices arise

A

Brood capsules

139
Q

Why is hydatid worm the deadliest?

A

Hydatid fluid of hydatid cyst are toxic which can cause anaphylactic shock and death if spilled on body cavities

140
Q

Diagnosis for E. granulosus

A

Aspiration of cyst contents
Radiological examination
Scanning procedure
Ultrasound techniques
Serological test (CFT, ELISA, Casoni intradermal test, IHA, CIEP)
Hydatid fluid microsocopy (LPCB)
Histopathologic Dianosis (FNAB, PAS stain)

141
Q

Treatment for E. granulosus

A

Surgery
Mebendazole
Albendazole
PAIR (Percutaneous Aspiration Injection Reaspiration)

142
Q

What is the mechanical vector of E. granulosus?

A

Coprophagic flies

143
Q

Is E. granulosus strictly zoonosis or zoonosis only?

A

Strictly zoonosis

144
Q

Difference between primary and secondary echinococcosis

A

Primary echinococcosis occurs after per oral infection of ova which gives rise to hydatid cysts in different parts of the body

Secondary echinococcosis occurs when primary hydatid cysts rupture by trauma and releases other protoscolices

145
Q

pH and Specific gravity of Hydatid fluid

A

pH 6.7
Specific gravity - 1 to 1.010

146
Q

Outer laminated layer of hydatid cyst

A

Ectocyst

147
Q

Inner laminated layer of hydatid cyst

A

Endocyst

148
Q

What kind of host is man in E. granulosus?

A

Accidental host

149
Q

Common name of E. multilocularis

A

Fox tapeworm

150
Q

Habitat or organ infected by E. multilocularis in man

A

Liver

151
Q

Unique characteristic of R. garrisoni egg

A

Spindle-shaped or rice grain-shaped

152
Q

Diagnostic Stage of R. garrisoni

A

Mature ova in feces

153
Q

Infective Stage of R. garrisoni

A

Cysticercoid in IH (flour beetle)

154
Q

Diagnosis for R. garrisoni

A

DFS

155
Q

Treatment for R. garrisoni

A

Niclosamide
Praziquantel

Clinical Parasitology (13 decks)

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