Lecture Slides - Heredity and Neurological Changes Flashcards
Pros and cons of talent searches?
Pros: breeding for excellence
Cons: are you bringing in one type of people and leaving out others?
3 primary functions of the nervous system?
sensory function, integrative function, motor function
2 major parts of the nervous system?
CNS (brain/spinal cord) and PNS (afferent/ efferent nerve fibres)
______ = coordination and autonomic movement
pons
____= vital internal processes
medulla
____ = reflex movements caused by auditory and visual stimuli
midbrain
____ = integration center
thalamus
_____ = control of internal temperatures (neural and hormonal functions)
hypothalamus
what part of the brain plays an important role in planning and coordinating movements?
basal ganglia
The _____ functions to determine the coordinated sequence of muscle contractions during movements
cerebellum
PNS is divided into ___ and _____. What do the subdivisions each regulate?
Somatic = voluntary (skeletal muscles) Autonomic = involuntary (heart, lungs, liver..)
6 sequences of CNS development?
- cell proliferation (completed by birth)
- migration
- integration
- differentiation (wire)
- myelination
- cell death
____ occurs in the first few years, overproduction of neural connections or synapses in the brain occurs
blooming
____ is when connections that are weak are pruned away; if the neurons are used, they become integrated into the circuitry of the brain
pruning
At ___ months old, we are able to distinguish several hundred different spoken sounds, more than necessary actually
3
How does the brain organize itself with regard to hearing sounds?
so that it only recognizes those spoken sounds that are part of the language regularly heard
During what stage of childhood does the brain retain the ability to detect and re-learn old and new sounds?
early childhood
At what age does the window for learning sounds close?
late childhood around approximately 10 years old
Windows of opportunity for gross and fine motor development?
gross = pre-5yrs fine = 0-9yrs
window of opportunity for vision?
0-2
window of opportunity for math logic?
1-4
window of opportunity for vocabulary?
0-4
window of opportunity for music?
3-10
window of opportunity for second language?
1-10
In adolescent brain development, decreases in gray matter in prefrontal regions of the brain are reflective of?
-reflective of synaptic pruning
_____ - the period during which major improvements in basic cognitive abilities and logical reasoning are seen, in part due to these very anatomical changes
pre-early/adolescence
Substantial changes in the density and distribution of ___ receptors in pathways that connect the limbic system are seen during adolescent brain development
dopamine
when does myelination start to occur?
during adolescent development and continues well into late adolescence and early adulthood
During adolescent brain development, where is there an increase in the strength of connections?
between the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system
The connections between the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system strengthen during adolescent brain development, what is this anatomical change especially important?
especially important for emotion regulation
The middle adolescent brain stem is still immature in the systems important for self-regulation. What does this mean?
behaviours seen among this age category are more risky and reckless
Adolescents mature ____ before they mature _____ or ____
intellectually; socially or emotionally
When does the corpus callosum link between hemispheres become advanced?
fairly advanced by age 5, but continues to develop until approx. 10 years
