Lecture Six Flashcards
What are the 3 types of joints?
Fibrous, cartilaginious, synovial
What are the fibrous and cartilaginous joints made of?
Fibrous = DFCT, cartilaginous = fibrocartilage
What are the 3 types of joints?
Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
What are fibrous joints made of?
Ligaments, DFCT
What are cartilaginous joints made of?
Fibrocartilage
What is the synovial joint structure?
2 bone ends, articular hyoline cartilage, joint capsule (outside layer is ligaments, inside layer is synovial membrane), joint cavity (has synovial fluid inside to lube up the joint)
What is joint loading and its purpose?
Pushing synovial through avascular parts to get nutrients in
What is the difference in the joint capsule if it needs to have more support?
It is tighter and thicker.
What are capsular ligaments and what are two examples?
Thickening of the joint capsule for added support. E.g MCL (medial collateral ligament) which connects the femur to the tibia and restricts abduction. E.g LCL (lateral collateral ligament) which connects femur to fibula, restricting adduction.
What are intracapsular ligaments?
Addition bands of DFCT located internally to hold bones together. E.g ACL (anterior cruciate ligament), which holds the ant. of tibia to post. of femur, restricting posterior displacement. E.g PCL (posterior cruciate displacement), which attaches post. tibia to ant. femur, restricting ant. displacement
What are fibrocartilaginous pads and an example?
Fibrocartilage that is used to fill in space, provide cushioning and deepen articulations. E.g menisci, which are pads between the femur and tibia
What is ROM dependent on? What does ROM stand for?
Range of motion. It is dependent on bone end shape, ligament location and length, body surface content, muscles
What are the 7 types of joints?
Plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, ellipsoid, saddle, ball and socket.
What is a plane joint with 2 examples?
Multiaxial, sliding/gliding motion, flat articular surfaces, e.g intercarpal and intertarsal
What is a hinge joint with 2 examples?
Uniaxial, used in extension and flexion, e.g elbow, interphalangical joints
What is a pivot joint with 2 examples?
Uniaxial, rotation, e.g C1 C2 vertebrae, supination + pronation
What is a condylar joint with an example?
Biaxial, extension and flexion, rotation when flexed, e.g knee
What is an ellipsoid joint with an example?
Biaxial, extension and flexion, abduction and adduction, circumduction, no rotation, e.g radiocarpal joint in wrist
What is a saddle joint with an example?
Biaxial (+), flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, circumduction, obligatory rotation/opposition (thumbs to fingers), e.g carpometacarpal joint (base of thumb)
What is a ball and socket joint with two examples?
Multiaxial, flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, rotation, circumduction, e.g hip and shoulder
