Lecture Four

Question 1

This is 2% of the total weight of bone.

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

What are the four types of cells found in bone and what are their functions?

Answer 2

Osteoblasts (make bone matrix), osteoclasts (destroy bone matrix), osteogenic cells (stem cells that create osteoblasts), osteocytes (maintain bone matrix and recycle bone minerals/materials)

Question 3

This makes up 33% of bone. What is its function?

Answer 3

Organic molecules (proteins). Mostly collagen and proleogylcons. Its function is to resist tension. Without it, your bones would be very brittle and would not withstand your weight.

Question 4

This makes up 67% of your bones. What is its function?

Answer 4

Inorganic substances. Mostly hydroxipatites. Also stores important minerals like calcium and phosphate. This makes your bones resist compression. Without it your bones would not be very hard or soft.

Question 5

What type of tissue are bones?

Answer 5

Connective tissue

Question 6

Your bones can change in width and length. This is referred to as…

Answer 6

Bone remodelling

Question 7

What is the name of the proximal part of the femur?

Answer 7

Proximal epiphysis

Question 8

What is the name of the middle section of the femur?

Answer 8

Diaphysis

Question 9

What is the name of the distal part of the femur?

Answer 9

Distal epiphysis

Question 10

What is the name of the structure of cancellous bone?

Answer 10

Trabecular structure

Question 11

What does cancellous bone lack structurally that compact bone has?

Answer 11

Central canal

Question 12

What are the names of the holes in compact bone, and what is their function?

Answer 12

Foramina, allows blood in for nutrients

Question 13

Both cancellous and compact bone contain this in two different types. What is this, and what are their purposes?

Answer 13

Bone marrow, red bone marrow makes new red blood cells, yellow bone marrow stores fat for energy

Question 14

The hollow middle of a bone in the diaphysis is called what?

Answer 14

Medullar cavity

Question 15

What are the 3 main risk factors of osteoporosis?

Answer 15

Sex (females are more likely to get it due to drop in estrogen after menopause), lifestyle (exercise, diet, smoking, drinking), starting point (bone mass peaks in 20s)

Question 16

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 16

When osteoclasts do more work than osteoblasts, breaking down bone faster than it is made

Question 17

What are the negative impacts of osteoporosis?

Answer 17

More brittle bones and a higher risk of fractures.